ELEPHAS PRIMTGENIUS.— TRUE MOLARS. 113 



A very large molar, dredged up from the bed of the German Ocean off Walton, on 

 the Essex coast, and now in the British Museum, holds a? 21 ^ in 11^X3| inches. 

 There is faint crimping of the crown- disk, but none of the constituents are in excess. 



Another in the same collection, with thick edges of cement and thin enamel, from a 

 railway-cutting near Ipswich, Suffolk, contains x 21 x in 9|X3^ inches, and eight 

 plates in a space of 4*2 inches. A fragment of a third milk-molar was also discovered in 

 the same situation. It holds eight ridges in 3 inches, and indicates a similar character. 



No. 37,248, B. M., a superb and typical crown (PI. XIV, fig. 1), dredged up 

 from the Thames near Millbank, holds x 21 x in 9x3*2 inches, and eight ridges in 

 32 inches. The enamel is thin, but there is no excess of cement nor of dentine, nor any 

 indication of crimping. 



A tooth from Broughton Eissure, near Maidstone, holding x 21 x in 9 inches, and 

 eight plates in 3^ inches, is preserved in the University Museum,^ Oxford. 



In the collection in the British Museum from the Dogger Bank, already referred to 

 at p. 73, are numerous, entire, ultimate molars, with ridge-formulse varying between 

 twenty-one to twenty-six plates, besides talons. They show the great discrepancies in 

 dimensions between molars with the same ridge-formula. One, a superb specimen, carries 

 a? 21 X m 12 X 3| inches, and eight ridges in 32 inches ; whilst another holds x 21 x in 

 8*6X3, and eight ridges in 3 inches. 



In the Cotton Collection of the Museum of Practical Geology, there is an Ilford 

 ultimate upper molar holding x 21 x in 8f X 3 inches, and eight ridges in a space 

 of 3^ inches. 



In Dr. Bree's collection, dredged on the East Coast and English Channel, I 

 examined a large last molar holding either twenty-two or twenty-three plates, besides 

 talons, in 10x3'2 inches. 



In the collection of dwarf Elephants' teeth from Ktrby, in the Cambridge Museum, 

 is the small, imperfect, upper molar (No. 29), holding 21 xm 9 X 2f inches, and eight in 

 3 inches. It contrasts with Nos. 30 and 35 already noticed, in not only holding a 

 larger formula, which possibly exceeded the above, but it is also a longer tooth. The 

 plates are thin, but the cement is rather in excess ; the characters, however, are the 

 same as the other dwarfed molars from the above-named locality. 



There are several well authenticated cases of molars holding x%2 x. 



A tooth from a cavern near Wells, in Somersetshire, in the British Museum shows a 

 ridge-formula of x 22 x in 9x3, and contains eight ridges in a space of 3 inches. It is 

 decidedly if/^i;? -plated. 



A molar recovered from the Oxford gravels during the main drainage operations of 

 1877, and now in the University Museum, contains c?' 22 c^ in 10x3 inches, and contains 

 eight plates in 3 inches. 



There is a tooth, supposed to have been dredged in the Medway, in the British 

 Museum with very thin enamel, sparse dentine, and rather an excess of cement. It holds 

 X 22 X in 10X3^ inches, and contains eight plates in 2| inches. 



