116 BRITISH POSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



Several typical t/iin-iphted crowns of Mammoth molars, including the last of the 

 series, with from twenty-five to twenty-six plates, are well shown in pis. xi, xii, xvi, and 

 xvii of the ' Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon,' by Dr. Lortet and Mr 

 Chantre. The specimens were obtained from the valley gravels of the Soane and Loire/ 

 Lower Molars. — I have not seen a lower last molar with so low a ridge-formula as 

 a? 18 X, but doubtless examples might be adduced. 



A tooth in the British Museum, from Ilford brickfields, holds xYSixva 9jX2|. 

 The crown shows slight crimping of the enamel, which is thin. 



A dredged specimen in the collection of Dr. Bree, from the North Sea, holds x\^ x 

 in 11 inches. The plates are very thick. 



No. 127 of the Woodwardian Museum (locality unknown) is possibly the tooth 

 referred to by Falconer,^ and if so it is surprising that he overlooked the formula, seeing 

 that it clearly holds x\^ x, being at least three ridges below what he believed obtained 

 in the ultimate molar of the Mammoth. It is 10|x3j, and contains eight ridges in 5 

 inches, all the elements being in excess. 



The formula of a? 20 a? is exhibited in the following : 

 A mandible. No. 624 a in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 

 from the brick-earths (?) of Grantham, near Crayford, below London, is nearly entire, 

 and besides the ultimate there had been a fragment of the second molar also in use, but 

 it is lost. The former holds a? 20 <r in 12 X 2f inches. The jaw is characteristic of the 

 species, with a high diasteme. The height at the summit of the latter is 7| inches, and 

 the width of the gutter in front is 2f inches. The mental foramina maintain their 

 general positions, being near the margin with the larger one, close to the anterior fang of 

 the second tooth. 



A mandible with the ultimate molars in place from Erith, Kent, is in the British 

 Museum. Each tooth holds cT 20 ^ in 9^ X 3 inches. The enamel is thick. 



No. 582, Mus. Roy. College of Surgeons, is a right ramus with a third molar and 

 fragment of a second in front. The locality is unknown, and the tooth represents a 

 cluster of digitations on the posterior ridge, as in a major degree marks occasional 

 deformities, where the ultimate portion is often doubled up upon the side of the crown. 

 The tooth is much arcuated and thick-plated, and shows a formula of x 20 x in 12 X 2^ 

 inches, with eight ridges in as much as 4j inches. 



I am indebted to my friend Mr. Davies, E.G.S., for drawing my attention to a very 

 interesting collection of Pleistocene remains in the British Museum, from Porcupine 

 River, on the eastern frontier of Alaska. The collection comprehends two molars and 

 an astragal of the Mammoth, besides remains of the bison, musk-ox, and horse, all of 



^ These authors also figure pis. xix and xx, large massive crowns, which they refer to E. meridionalis, 

 from Central and Southera France. These teeth, however, appear to me to belong to E. antiquus, and 

 represent the broad and thick-plated crowns described in my ' Alonograph,' p. 31. 



i 'Pal. Mem.; vol. ii, 1/4. 



