ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—TRUE MOLARS. 119 



has been suggested, were derived from the " Forest Bed," there can be no question 

 whatever as to the correctness of Falconer's diagnosis of the above molar. It has clearly 

 the typical crown of the Mammoth, with rather thin enamel, according to my experience, 

 whilst Falconer says " slightly thick." He observes, moreover, that the plates are 

 " perfectly free from crimping." This is not apparently quite the case, as there is a little 

 crimping towards the middle of the raachaerides. 



The tooth is about 11^ inches in length by about 4 inches in width, and contains 

 eighteen ridges, and eight ridges in 4 inches. It represents that of an aged individual, 

 and only wants the assurance of its reputed origin to establish the existence of E. priiiii- 

 genius in pre-glacial times. 



A thick-plated tooth in a fragmentary condition from " blue clay at Lawford, near 

 Rugby," is in the University Museum, Oxford. It holds 19 ,r, and contains eight ridges 

 in 4 inches. The thickness of the plates here appear dependent on a general increase of 

 the crown constituents, and not of one element in particular. 



In the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin, there is a mutilated molar of the upper 

 jaw of the Mammoth, received from the " Black Sea." Unfortunately there is no further 

 history attached to it, but my friend Dr. Carte, M.R.LA., Conservator of the Museum, 

 is of opinion that it was presented to the collection by an officer during the Crimean 

 War. It has evidently been dredged, as it contains shells of Cirripedia and cells of 

 Flustra on its outer surface. There is a loss of plates behind as well as in front, so that 

 its exact position in the scries cannot be accurately defined. It holds thirteen plates in 

 4^ inches. The enamel is very thin and altogether similar to the very ^/«V/-plated 

 Arctic molars. 



There is a fragment (No. 10) of a last molar, containing about twelve plates, in the 

 Woodwardian Museum, from the " Valley of the Danube." Its enamel is somewhat 

 thick. 



Two lower teeth. No. 572 of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, from 

 Bridport, Dorsetshire, are remarkable for their narrow crowns and thick plates, and 

 contain 19 x'm 11x3 inches. There are eight ridges in 4*2 inches. 



A fragment from the " Isle of Dogs," near mouth of the Thames, is in the British 

 Museum. It is stated to have been procured from a peaty deposit. The enamel is 

 thin, and eight ridges arc contained in 3 inches. 



Another broken tooth, showing very closely packed plates and thin enamel, is in the 

 same collection. There are nineteen ridges ; and eight ridges in only 2| inches. The 

 specimen is evidently that of an ultimate molar, and was found in gravel at Ballingdon, 

 in Hertfordshire. 



Norfolk Coast, 'Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,' vol. xxviii, p. 418. I must here correct a surmise made by me 

 with reference to the above molar in supposing that the specimen was probably the broad-crowneJ variety 

 of E. antiquus ('Monograph on E. antiquux,' note 1, p. 40). This supposition, after having examined 

 the specimen, which I had not seen at the time, I now fully admit was wrong. 



