ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.— CRANIUM. 



131 



of the Royal College of Surgeons, also repeats the above-mentioned character. The 

 intervening hollow, which, of course, varies with the size of the tooth, becomes broader 

 and shallower towards the alveolar border. The decided parallelism of the tusks of 

 E. ganesa, not only in their sockets, but for some distance beyond, is remarkable as 

 compared with other fossil species. No doubt there were individual diflFerences, as obtain 

 in the Asiatic, where the divergence is sometimes more pronounced, in such as the 

 Dauntela Elephant of Corse, in the British Museum, and the celebrated Choone 

 (Asiatic), and an African in the Hunterian Museum, Royal College of Surgeons (Woodcuts, 

 figs. 2 and 3). The alveolar divergence is pronounced also in the skull of 

 E. Namadicus} 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 3. 



E. Asiaticus, Choone (No. 2654, in Collection of 

 Eoyal College of Surgeons). 



E. Africanus (No. 2845, in Collection of Royal 

 College of Surgeons). 



Sub-orbital foramen (PI. VII, fig. 1 a) is apparently larger in the Mammoth and 

 Asiatic than in the African. The part is not sufficiently well preserved in other fossil 

 crania to allow of comparison. 



The post-orbital process (PI. VI, figs. 1 and 1 a) is more lengthened, pointed, and 

 hooked in the Mammoth than in the recent species, but it is more so apparently in the 

 Asiatic than in the African. Falconer states that this process in the E. meridionalis is 

 "like that of the Mammoth."^ 



The lachrymal tubercle, as pointed out by Cuvier, is more prominent in the 

 Mammoth than in the Asiatic, where it is apparently less projecting than in the African. 

 It is pointed in E. meridionalis, according to Falconer.'' 



The zygoma in the Mammoth (Pis. VI, VII) and in E. Asiaticus is just below the 

 condyles; whilst it is much lower in E. Africanus, E, meridionalis, E. Namadicus, and 



1 'F. A. Sival.; xxivA, fig. 4. 



2 « 



Pal. Mem.,' vol. ii, p. 123. 



^ Idem, p. 123. 



