144 



BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



1 



"-1 M 



'■SIS a 



>s bo^ ,A 



."S C 3 » 



ho a* » 





=55^ 







ay. Arc 

 than h 

 Woodc 



ingtou House, local 

 ue molar commenci 

 ond in use. Faun. A 

 , fig. 4 (E. antiqutt 



ambrid 

 St. L 

 onalis). 



D'Ar 

 mandi 

 s). Wo 



(B. M.) 

 133, w 

 lie varif 





d. Very ol 

 ar in use, 

 us). 



liseholtz B 

 olar more 

 'genius). 



o g-S 

 OS 



KM § 



cast, Va] 

 ition as in 

 meridionali 



specimen 

 ed to at p. 

 se (Daunte 



1 



No. ,c, B. M., Ilfor 

 ridges of last mol 

 fig. 3 (E. primigeni 



No. 61a, B. M.,' Esc 

 America. Last m 

 detrited {E. prim 

 fig. 5. 



Geol. Soc.Mus.,Burl 

 unknown.' Last tr 

 wear, portion of sec 

 Sival., p. 13 A and B 

 Woodcut, fig. 13. 



Woodwardian Mi 

 " Forest Bed," N 

 molars in full wear 



No. 37,334, B. M. 

 Same state of dent 

 of E. antiquus {E. ' 

 cut, fig. 14. 



Mandible of Corse's 

 the cranium, referr 

 two last molars in u 

 of E. Asiaticus). 



Extreme length of the jaw 



22 



25 



20 



22 



29 



29 



Maximum thickness at front of the asceud- 















ing ramus 



5-7 



5-8 



6-5 



8- 



7- 

 10- 



7-5 

 9- 



7- 

 9- 



6- 



8^ 



Height at the summit of the diasteme 



Greatest expansion of rami at their outer 















borders 



21- 



Lost 



24-5 



23- 



22 



22 



Length and breadth of ultimate molar 



8-2X3-2 



8-X3- 



12-x3'l3 





8x3-5* 



8-X3-5 



Space between molars in front 



3-5 



3-5 



3-2 





4-4 



3-5 



„ ,, middle 



4- 

 10 



7-5 



3-6 



... 



3- 



8-5 



„ ,, behind 



From tip of rostrum to posterior border of 



symphysial gutter 



7-5 



5- 



5-2 





7- 



8-56 



Greatest width of gutter in front 



2-5 



2-8 



3-6 



^6-37 

 11-5 



3-5 



4- 



2- 



Height of ascending ramus to summit of 



condyle ... ... . 



15-2 



12- 



15-5 



Lost 





17 

 9-5 



19 

 11-5 



Breadth of ascending ramus 



Length of horizontal ramus from diasteme 















to anterior border of coranoid 



8- 



8- 



8-8 



8- 



11- 



9-5 





The general characters which distinguish the mandible of the Mammoth from that of its 

 extinct co-species may be epitomised as follows: — 1. The chin is usually broad. .2. The 

 rostrum poorly developed. 3. The diasteme is nearly erect, very generally high. 4. The 

 symphysial gutter is wide. 5. The posterior border of the ascending ramus is rounded. 

 6. The sides of the condyle are only slightly compressed. 7. Dental canal opens 

 upwards. 8. There is less difference in length between the horizontal and ascending 

 rami. 9. The posterior surface of the neck of the condyle is narrow. 



In all these characters it approaches closer to the Asiatic Elephant than to any other 

 species hitherto recorded. The Asiatic has a relatively less expansion of the rami and a 



1 Referred to p. 123. 



2 Referred to Monograph on E. antiquus, p. 54. 



■\ *, ^ Last molars hidden in jaws ; the lengths, therefore, are from the parts exposed. 

 '■ Rostrum is very long, four inches in length. 

 ^ The condyles are wanting, therefore the length is from the neck. 



'^ Condyles and neck lost. I have only given a few measurements of this very interesting mandible, 

 as 1 propose to describe and figure it in my next Monograph. 



