ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.— SCAPULA. 345 



more pronounced crotchet or process on the margin of the dental canal, but otherwise the 

 variability to which the jaw of the Mammoth is subject seemingly goes nearly hand in 

 hand with the variations in the mandible of the Asiatic Elephant. 



3. SHOULDER GIRDLE.^ 



Scapula. — Cuvier was the first to record the points of resemblance between the 

 scapula of the Mammoth and that of the Asiatic Elephant ; ^ and Nesti makes a similar 

 statement with reference to E. meridionalis^ 



Unfortunately the shoulder-blades of E. antiquus have not been described, whilst the 

 scapula in the so-called Adams's skeleton in St. Petersburg has been shown by Cuvier to 

 be wrongly put together ; indeed, it would appear that this is the case with various other 

 portions of that skeleton, which has been constructed from bones of several individuals. 

 The neck of the scapula in the Mammoth is broader and the glenoid cavity relatively wider 

 than in the recent species, as pointed out by Cuvier. 



According to De Blainville the recurved process, or crotchet, is less curved than in 

 the Asiatic, and the acromion is nearer to the articular surface, whilst the suprascapular 

 border is more arched than in the latter species.* 



With reference to the contour of the glenoid cavity, Busk has observed that it is 

 broad and oblong in the African, whilst there is a constriction of the sides in the Asiatic 

 and Mammoth.* 



The almost entire, and the only well-preserved specimen of the scapula I have seen 

 from British strata is shown in PI. XV, fig. \ a, b. I am informed by Mr. Davies that 

 its integrity is owing entirely to the care bestowed, in its removal from the matrix, by the 

 Rev. Nicholas Brady, M.A., son of Sir Antonio Brady, F.G.S., to whom science is indebted 

 for the recovery of numerous other Pleistocene remains from the famous brickfields of 

 Ilford. Only a small portion of the anterior border is wanting in the specimen. The 

 above-mentioned characters are well shown in PL XV, fig. I a, b, whilst the distinctions 

 between the scapulae of the two recent species and that of the Mammoth will appear 

 from PI. XV, figs. 2 and 3. 



The spine (fig. 1 a) rises higher above the plain of the scapula in the Mammoth than 

 is apparently the case in either of the recent species. 



* The vertebral column should properly follow the preceding details, but entire specimens of its 

 elements are not easily procured. I hope, however, to be enabled to obtain sufficient data to enable me to 

 point out their characters in my next memoir. In the meantime I shall proceed to the consideration 

 uf the anterior extremity of the Mammoth. 



2 'Ossem. Foss.,' vol. ii, p. 21G. 



3 ' Fossili del Val d'Arno,' fig. 6. 



* ' Osteographie des Mamm.,' p. 171. 



5 « Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.,' vol. vi, p. 244. 



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