146 



BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



In the African (PI. XV, fig. 3) the anterior border is more rounded than in the Asiatic 

 (fig. 2), and apparently in the Mammoth ; and the crotchet is more bent downwards than 

 in either of them. The antero-posterior length of the neck is relatively smaller in the 

 African, but it is apparently broader in the Mammoth than in the Asiatic Elephant. The 

 position of the crotchet would seem to stand in its relation to the glenoid cavity in the 

 following order : — It is nearest in the African, further up in the Asiatic, and slightly more 

 so in the Mammoth. 



The glenoid is clearly, as shown in figs. 2 a and 3 a, broadly distinctive in the 

 African as compared with Asiatic and the Mammoth (fig. I a) and even E. meridionalis} 



The supra-scapular border is seemingly more arched in the Mammoth than in the 

 Asiatic, and is more even in the African than in either of them. 



The following are the measurements of the three scapulae in question : 



Extreme length 



Extreme breadth 



Height of the spine 



Length of the spine 



From coracoid to the tip of the acromion 



Coracoid to the tip of the crotchet 



Acromion to the upper and inner border of the recurved 



process 



Acromion to the tip of the recurved process 



Length of the anterior border 



Length of the posterior border 



Length of the supra-scapular border to the commencement 



of the spine 



Dimensions of the glenoid cavity 



Antero-posterior length of the neck 



Plate XV, Fig. 1. 



Brady Collection, 

 B.M., llford. 



Inches. 

 32 

 37 



8 

 28 



6-2 

 15 



15-5 

 11 



22 



27-5 

 6-8x4 

 10 



Plate XV, Fig. 2, 



E. Asiaticus, 



2744d,2 



Mus. Roy. Coll. 



Surg. Eng. 



Inches. 

 34 

 30-5 



8-5 

 31 



4 

 13 



14-5 

 10 



22 

 19 



32 



7x4-2 

 10 



Plate XV, Fig. 3. 



E. Africanus, 

 7081', B.M.3 



Inches. 

 27-5 

 26 



5 

 29-5 



4 

 10 



11-5 

 9-5 



22 

 13 



24 

 6-8x3- 



Besides the above there are several other fragments of shoulder-blades from the llford 



C 

 brick-earths in the Collection and in the Catalogue. For example, No. y^ has a glenoid 



cavity of 6- 5X3- 9 inches; No. ^, 6-8x3-3; No. y^g, 6-8x3-8. In Mr. Owles's 



Collection from the Dogger Bank, the glenoid cavity of No. 46,256 is 7.7x4*7, and 

 No. 46,257 is S'X 5" inches. 



1 'Ossemens Fossiles,' pi. xiii, fig. 5. 



3 This is the largest scapula of the Asiatic Elephant I have seen. The pelvis and humerus of the 

 same individual is preserved in the Museum. I have referred to the latter in my Monograph on 

 ^. antiquus, p. 59. 



3 The second true molar is in wear in the skull of this individual, showing that it was an old 

 Elephant. 



