INTRODUCTION. ix 



Easton Cliff, to a loamy micaceous sand, more or less interbedded with seams of laminated 

 clay, as on the immediate west of Beccles and on the south of Norwich, but it is easily 

 recognisable everywhere. 



These beds 5' and 5" were first recognised 1 in the pit behind Chillesford Church (see 

 Section XVII), where they occur immediately over the Scrobicularia Crag. Their fauna 

 differs but slightly from that of the Fluvio-marine Crag, and as little, except in its greater 

 richness, from that of the Scrobicularia Crag beneath them. In the well-known pit at 

 Bramerton Common the Chillesford shell bed (x), with true marine facies, and its over- 

 lying laminated clay, are exposed, as well as the Fluvio-marine Crag itself, which rests on 

 the Chalk (see Section XVI). The bed x is there divided from the Fluvio-marine Crag, 

 4, by about twelve feet of unfossiliferous sand (not distinguished in the section 

 by any symbol), which exactly take the place of the Scrobicularia Crag of the Chillesford 

 section. Scrobicularia plana occurs in the Fluvio-marine Crag of Section XVI, though 

 rarely ; but in another pit, about a quarter of a mile east of that represented in Section 

 XVI, and known to the Norwich collectors as the Scrobicularia pit, a deep section of sand, 

 interspersed with shelly beds, is exposed, part of which answers in position to the sands 

 thus intervening in Section XVI, between 4 and x, and in this pit the shell is common. 

 Comparing thus the section at Bramerton with that at Chillesford, the inference arises 

 that the Fluvio-marine Crag in the former is the equivalent of the Marine Red Crag of 

 Butley in the latter ; and that the sands without symbol, separating the Fluvio-marine 

 Crag from the bed x, are represented by the Scrobicularia Crag of the Chillesford section. 

 Or we may even confine our correlation with the Fluvio-marine Crag to the base of the 

 Scrobicularia Crag itself. 



We might thus, without much hesitation, arrive at the conclusion that the Fluvio- 

 marine Crag of Bramerton was coeval with the newest parts of the Red, were it not for 

 one conflicting feature, which we have endeavoured to bring out by making Section XVII 

 partly hypothetical. This section represents what we conceive would be presented by an 

 excavation made at right angles to the pit under the Church (Stackyard pit), back to the 

 Chillesford beds pit behind the Church. The section afforded by the Stackyard pit is 

 truly represented by the extreme right of Section XVII ; and there we have the Scrobi- 

 cularia Crag overlaid by a few feet of sand marked ?. This sand is divided from the Scro- 

 bicularia Crag by a well-marked line of erosion, which descends in potholes into the latter. 

 In this sand no organic remains have been detected, while that under the Chillesford 

 clay, in the pit behind the Church, has yielded a series of fossils in high preservation. 

 Holes sunk in the bottom of this pit disclosed the upper beds of the Scrobicularia Crag, 

 which are exposed in the Stackyard pit below, but without any signs of such a line of 

 erosion as that appearing on the face of the Stackyard pit. It is obvious that if the un- 

 fossiliferous sand marked ?, separated by this line of erosion from the Scorbicularia Crao-, 



1 By a party of geologists headed by Mr. Prestwich ; see ' Quart. Journ. Geo. Soc.,' vol. v, p. 345. 

 C 



