xiv SUPPLEMENT TO THE CRAG MOLLUSCA. 



The bed C is better exposed, and forms the base of the cliff at Woman Hythe (see 

 Sections W and III). It consists of a dense black sandy clay, thickly packed with 

 freshwater Mollusca, chiefly Paludina contecta, and is overlain by the Lower Glacial 

 pebbly sands (6). These three beds A, B, and C, occur on the north Norfolk coast, 

 while beds D and E are on the Suffolk coast, at the base of Kessingland Cliff (see 

 Sections T and V). The base of this cliff is usually covered with talus, which obscures 

 the section, but for a few years past the part shown in Section V has been very clear. 



Bed D consists of a mottled clay, unstratified, its upper surface being full of small 

 concretions and penetrated with roots. It extends from near the Lighthouse ravine 

 almost to the southern extremity of Kessingland Cliff, and it has yielded Mr. W. M. 

 Crowfoot, of Beccles, some mammalian remains. 



Resting in a hollow of D, occurs bed E, which is a laminated clay, underlaid by 

 prostrate trees, amongst which is a small colony of freshwater Mollusca. Most of the 

 Mammalian remains obtained from Kessingland and Pakefield have, we believe, been 

 found on the shore, doubtless washed out of beds D or E. 



The relation of all these beds A, B, C, D, and E, to the Crag has been, and is likely 

 to remain, a matter of uncertainty. As concerns A, B, and C, since there is, in our 

 opinion, no marine bed exposed along the coast section between Eccles and Weybourn 

 which is so old x as the Chillesford clay, by which to test their relative age, they may be 

 coeval with the Upper Crag, or they may be posterior, or even anterior to it. The 

 Chillesford clay may once have spread over that part of Norfolk, and been denuded prior 

 to the formation of beds A, B, and C ; in which case they are posterior. On the other 

 hand, they may have accumulated on what was a land surface at the time when 

 the Fluvio-marine Crag spread over East Norfolk and Suffolk, and the Red Crag 

 over East Suffolk, as well as later, when these parts underwent the depression that 

 gave rise to the Chillesford beds. Seeing how the Fluvio-marine and Red Crag deposits 

 are confined to the more southern part of the area, and how much more thin the Chillesford 

 clay is in the parts nearest to the Cromer coast, than it is further south, about Surlingham, 

 Beccles, Easton Cliff, and Hales worth, and over the Coralline Crag of Aldboro', Sudbourn, 

 &c, this latter alternative is far from improbable. Whichever way, however, we look at 

 the question, the mammalian remains of beds A and B do, we think, more nearly represent 

 the terrestrial fauna of the Upper Crag period than any others known to us ; since, if 



' Crag Mollusca,' in 1844. The indefatigable researches of Mr. Gunn in the Forest bed, and the costly 

 collection made from it, and presented by him to the Norwich Museum, are so well known and highly 

 appreciated, as to need no remark from us. 



1 We say this after repeated and most careful examination. What may be concealed below the beach 

 between Weybourn and Mundesley at those places where the chalk does not rise to the beach line, or 

 between Mundesley and Eccles where these occasional appearances of the chalk cease to occur, is another 

 thing altogether. 



