OVIBOS MOSCHATUS. 21 



The low-level gravels of Loxbrook, also near Bath, which possibly may be of the same 

 date as those of Freshford, have afforded remains of Cave Lion, Irish Elk, Mammoth, and 

 Tichorhine Rhinoceros. 



The absence of the Musk Sheep from the bone caverns of this district, from which 

 such vast stores of remains have been obtained, at Banwell, Bleaclon, Durdham 

 Down, Uphill, Hut ton, Sandford Hill, Burrington, and especially Wookey Hole, does not 

 prove that they have no relation to the river bed of Freshford. The Bison, Mammoth, 

 Reindeer, or Horse, associated with the Musk Sheep, have been found in all those caverns, 

 and therefore I think it very probable that they were open while the latter animal was 

 ranging on the banks of the Avon, and that its rarity was the cause of its not having been 

 yet discovered in the caves. 



§ 3. Remains found at Barnwood. — -A fourth case of the discovery of this rare animal 

 in Britain is afforded by the basal portion of a skull obtained from the gravel of Barnwood, 

 near Gloucester, by Mr. Lucy, 1 to whose admirable essay on the gravels of the Severn I 

 would refer for an account of the section. The squareness of the area included between the 

 anterior and posterior impressions for the attachment of the cervical muscles (PI. I, fig. 

 c, d) show at once that the animal to which it belonged was ovine or caprine, and its large 

 size that it belonged to Ovibos moschatus. It measures 1*45 inches from the anterior to 

 the posterior cervical impression, 3 - 2 across the posterior, and 2'45 across the anterior 

 cervical impression. Among the other remains found in the same place I was able to 

 identify those of the Mammoth and the Woolly Rhinoceros. Nor were these the only 

 animals with which the Musk Sheep dwelt in the district ; other gravel beds of the same 

 geological age at Eckington, Cropthorne, Pershore, Stroud, Beckford, Fladbury, Worcester, 

 Upton, and Tull Court, have furnished the following species : 



Hippopotamus major . . Cervua -elaplms. 



Elephas antiquus . . . „ tarandus. 



Bos primigenius . . . Equus cabattus. 



Bison priscus . . . Sus scrofaferus. 



§ 4. Remains found at, Salisbury. — The fifth discovery of the Ovibos in Great Britain, 

 we owe to the labours of Dr. Blackmore, of Salisbury. Among the mammalian remains 

 from the low-level gravels of Fisherton, he detected a nasal bone, a tibia, and an astra- 

 galus, which belonged to this arctic mammal. 2 They were associated with the remains 

 of the following animals : 



o 



1 'The Gravels of the Severn, Avon, and Evenlode,' by \V. C. Lucy, Cotteswold Club, Gloucester, 

 April 7, 1869, p. 18. 



2 Stevens, « Flint Chips,' 8vo, 18/0, p. 16 and p. 30. 



