NODOSARIN &. a1 
VAGINULINA suLcaTa, Costa (n. d.). For. Foss. Terz. Messina, p. 18, pl. 2, 
figs. 17 A, B. 
MARGINULINA RAPHANUS, Parker and Jones, 1862. In App. Carpenter’s Introd., 
p- 310. 
-- INTERRUPTA, Stache, 1865. Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. i, part 2, 
p., 212, pl. 22, fig. 45. 
— APICULATA [APICULIFERA on the plate], Jd. Ib., p. 216, pl. 22, fig. 49. 
== SPINULOSA, Id. \b., fig. 51. 
_ » TRICUSPITS, Id. Ib., p. 218, fig. 52. 
— ASPROCOSTULATA, Id. Ib., p. 219, fig. 53. 
— ELATISSIMA, Id. \b;, fig. 54 
Characters.—Shell elongated, subcylindrical or somewhat flattened, arcuate or 
straight ; composed of few chambers, often ventricose, and the earlier ones often showing 
tendency towards a spiral mode of growth. Surface ornamented with stout ribs running 
from end to end of the shell. Length jth inch and more. 
The Marginuline form of Linné’s Nautilus raphanus is so intimately associated with 
its Nodosarian form that D’Orbigny was quite correct in cataloguing them together 
under the name of Marginulina raphanus ; but he made a distinction without a difference 
in separating the more elongate form, as Nodosaria rapa. 
The figures in Soldani’s ‘'Testaceographia,’ to which D’Orbigny refers as illustrations 
of Marginulina raphanus, are associated on the same plate with several Modosariz, such 
as WV. rapa, D’Orb. (=. raphanus) and JN. scalaris, among which the gradational 
conditions may be plainly seen. 
The robust proportions and characteristic Nodosarian ornamentation of Marginulina 
raphanus, together with the facts that the eccentricity of its aperture is variable, and that 
whilst it has not the helicoid arrangement of the earlier chambers, but is rather allied to 
the straight varieties, it shows by its curvature the tendency to a spiral mode of growth, 
render it the most eligible type for the whole series of Nodosaring. In addition to its 
suitability on morphological grounds, it has claims for acceptance on the score of priority, 
as it was one of the very few Foraminifera described and named by Linné, and conse- 
quently one of the first of which we have scientific record. 
Marginulina raphanus is often found among the specimens of Nodosaria raphanus 
abounding at Rimini, in the Adriatic ; but otherwise it is by no means a common Foraminifer, 
1 Of these, figs. 49, 51, and 54 represent individuals in which the ribbing is weak ; and, indeed, in 
fig. 45 the ribs fail on the last chamber. Still further, some specimens are figured as JZ. angistoma 
(fig. 46), JL. opaca (fig. 47), and JL. mucronulata (fig. 48), on the same plate, which show an absence of 
costation (excepting a keel in fig. 46), and more or less irregularity of growth, thus presenting the 
Marginuline condition of Stache’s Nodosaria erecta (fig. 12=N. radicula), just as the above-quoted costate 
forms and Stache’s N. striatissima together are Nodosarian and Marginuline conditions of Nodosarina 
raphanus. 
