8 BRITISH SILURIAN BRACHIOPODA. 
DENMARK AND NORWAY. 
Nothing that I am aware of has been published on the Brachiopoda in Denmark. 
In Norway, Dr. T. Kjerulf, the Director of the Geological Survey, has in his various 
papers given some scanty lists of the fossils; no new species being described. 
RUSSIA 
Is exceedingly rich both in Upper and Lower Silurian Brachiopoda; and many of its 
species are identical with our own. ‘These fossils had also attracted the attention of 
Pander and Eichwald prior to the publication of the ‘ Silurian System ;’ but since then they 
have been more extensively studied by several native and foreign paleontologists, who in 
various important works have described and beautifully illustrated the larger number of 
their at present known species. 
M. E. D’Ercuwatp in several works describes and figures many Silurian Brachiopoda. 
For instance, in his ‘ Zoologia Specialis,’ vol. 1, published in 1829 ; in his memoir, “ Ueber 
das Silurische Schichten-System von Esthland,” published in the ‘ Journal fiir Natur-und- 
Keilkunde, herausgegeben von der Kaiserl. Medico-Chirurg. Academie zu St.-Peters- 
burg,’ 1841; in the ‘ Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Moscou,’ for 1864 ; as well as 
in the ‘ Skizze von Podolie,’ 1830: but it is in his “ Die Urwelt Russlands,” 1840-42-43, 
and in the “ Letheea Rossica, Ancienne Période,” 1861, that we find the larger number of 
Russian Silurian Brachiopoda figured and described. 
In 1830, Dr. Cartstran H. Panper published at his own expense a quarto volume, 
with thirty plates, ‘ Beitrage zu Geognosie der Russischen Reichs,’ in which many 
species of Brachiopoda are both described and illustrated: herein the author pro- 
poses many new genera; but of these Porambonites alone has been generally adopted. 
Subsequently, in the third volume of the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, for 
October, 1860, Dr. Pander describes two new genera of Silurian Brachiopoda, which he 
names //elmersenia and Keyserlingia. 
Baron L. von Bucu has also alluded to some species of Russian Silurian Brachiopoda 
in the fifteenth volume of the ‘Archiv fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und 
Hutterkiinde,’ Berlin, 1840, as well as in his ‘ Ueber Delthyris, oder Spirifer und Orthis,’ 
Berlin, 1837. 
In 1845 appeared the celebrated work, ‘ Russia and the Ural Mountains,’ by Sir 
R. Murchison, M. de Verneuil, and Count A. von Keyserling ; and in the second volume, 
