LINGULID. 
or 
[a 
Genus or Subgenus—Lineuue.a, Salter, 1861. 
Memoirs Geol. Survey of Great Britain, vol. iii, p. 333, 1866. 
The characters upon which this genus (?) has been founded appear to me to require 
further examination, for the only character at present known which would distinguish it 
from Lingula seems to consist in a channel of the hinge-margin for the passage of a very 
narrow pedicle; and this has been observed, to my knowledge, in one or two specimens 
only. The muscular and other impressions are remarkably faint and indistinct, even in 
the best-preserved specimens I have seen; and the visceral surface of the shell in one 
specimen was covered with pits (Pl. IV, fig. 16) or rough prominences on the cast 
(figs. 14 and 15). 
The name Lingulella was first introduced about 1861, with the late Dr. P. S. 
Woodward’s full consent; and the name appears at p. 9 of Sir Roderick Murchison’s 
Address to the Geological Section of the British Association, Manchester, 1861 ; but it 
is only in Mr. Salter’s Appendix to the ‘Memoir on the Geology of North Wales’ that 
the genus is for the first time described : 
“Nearly equivalve, broad-oblong, the ventral valve pointed, with a distinct pedicle- 
groove. Muscular scars strong, nearly as in Odo/us, but the pair of anterior retractors 
(c) are more linear [than in Oéolus], and the sliding muscles (B) small, and not quite 
external, as in Odolus.’’ (I have reproduced Mr. Salter’s figure, see Pl. IV, fig. 3, but 
cannot say that the muscular impressions are clearly defined.) ‘The form, as well 
as what we know of the interior, is more like Lingu/a than Obolus ; but the arrange- 
ment of the muscles in the only valve we possess of the interior (ventral?) is more 
like that in Odo/us. he anterior retractors diverge widely, and are linear, the central 
(protractors ?) come nearly down to them, and the external (or sliding?) muscles are 
too small and too near the centre for Odolus. The description of Odolella, Billings, 
‘Geol. Survey Reports,’ Canada, 1861, 1862, a good deal recalls this; but his later 
figures show a very different set of muscular scars.” 
Although I have examined a very great many specimens of the typical species 
L. Davisii, of M‘Coy, none satisfactorily showed internal characters ; good interiors should, 
therefore, be sought for and studied. 
1 Mr. Salter’s description of the muscles of Lingula or Lingulella, adopted from Woodward's ‘ Manual,’ 
is not quite the same as that proposed by Mr. Hancock and adopted in my ‘ Monograph of Carboniferous 
Brachiopoda,’ pp. 199—205. 
