CHAPTER XX. 



THE TRUE DEER. 



THE TRUE DEER — THE WAPITI — THE RED DEER' OF EUROPE — THE VIRGINIA DEER OR CARCAJOU 

 — THE PERSIAN DEER — THE INDIAN SPECIES — THE BARASINGA — THE AXIS DEER — THE SAM- 

 BUR — THE MANED STAG — THE HOG DEER — THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES — THE PAMPAS 

 DEER — THE RED DEER OR GUASUPITA. 



THE True Deer range over the whole of the great continents, 

 except that they do not go beyond 57 north in America, and a 

 little further in Europe and Asia. In South America they 

 extend over Patagonia, and even to Tierra del Fuego. They are found 

 in the north of Africa, and over the whole of the Oriental region and 

 beyond it, as far as the Moluccas and Timor. 



CERVUS. 



In this genus it is only the male animals which carry antlers. These 

 antlers are round, and bear more or less numerous tines. The lachrymal 

 grooves attain a considerable size. Many of the forty species comprised 

 in this genus differ from each other so slightly that we give only those 

 in which the difference is strikingly marked. 



THE WAPITI. 



The Wapiti, Cervus Canadensis (Plate XLI), is the largest of all the 

 true Deer. The adult male measures nearly five feet in height at the 

 shoulders, and about eight feet from the nose to the tail. It is very 

 commonly known by the name of Elk. 



The herds of Wapiti vary in number from ten or twenty to three or 

 four hundred ; but each one is always under the command of an old 

 leader. When it halts, the herd halts ; when it moves on, the herd fol- 

 lows ; *hey all wheel right or left, advance and retreat with almost 



