582 UNGULATA. 



The breeds of cattle in Great Britain are almost as various as the 

 soils of the different districts. They have, however, been conveniently 

 classed into Middle Horns, Short Horns, Long Horns, and Polled, or 

 Hornless Cattle. The Middle Horns are represented by the Devon, 

 Hereford, and the Ayrshire ; the Long Horns, by the Lancashire, as 

 improved by the famous breeder Bakewell of Dishley ; the Short Horns, 

 by the Durham ; and the Polled, by the Suffolk and Angus breeds. 

 From one or other of these breeds our domesticated cattle are mainly 

 descended. 



THE SHORT HORNS. 



The Durham (Plate XLIV), is the progenitor of the modern Short 

 Horn. The breed had always existed in the North of England, 

 especially on the banks of the Tees, but did not attain general 

 celebrity till Mr. Collings astonished the world by showing its 

 capacity for producing animals for the butcher. Under his care the 

 modern or Improved Short Horn came into general favor in England. 

 The first great importation of Short Horns to America took place 

 in 1834, when a combination of farmers brought some to the Scioto 

 Valley in Ohio. In 1853, Mr. Thorne, of Dutchess County, New York, 

 brought here several of the famous " Duchess " and " Oxford " strains. 

 His example was followed by Mr. Cornell of Ithaca, General Wads- 

 worth of the Genesee Valley, and Mr. Alexander of Kentucky. By 

 their enterprise, America, in 1856, possessed specimens of the stock 

 better than any to be found in England. At various sales in this and 

 other States, enormous prices have been paid for American-bred stock 

 for reshipment to England. As a beef-producing animal the Short 

 Horn is unrivalled. It lays on flesh in places where other cattle fail 

 to give it. At the same time the cows, if bred w ith a view to giving 

 milk, are very valuable, but naturally they become lean during the 

 period in which they are being milked. 



THE HIGHLAND CATTLE. 



The Scotch Bull (Plate XLIV). These animals are small, usually 

 black in color, with a small head, thin ears, and fine muzzle : the face is 

 broad, the eyes prominent, the countenance placid. The horns taper to 

 a point, are of a waxy color, and widely set at the root. .The neck is 



