400 B. SHIMEK AFTONIAN SANDS AND GRAVELS IN IOWA 



wem, in Fayette county; 4 from Scott county (doubtfully) ; 5 from Cedar 

 county (doubtfully); 6 from Tama county; 7 from Chickasaw county; 8 

 from Union county, 9 and several additional probable localities in south- 

 ern Iowa are given by Bain. 10 Four species of mosses (Hypnum) 11 and 

 the wood of a conifer (Larix) 12 have been reported from these peat beds. 



SAND AND GRAVEL 



Gravel and sand beds belonging to this stage have also been noted in 

 the Beports of the Iowa Geological Survey from the following counties: 

 Marshall, 13 Muscatine, 14 Louisa, 15 Webster, 16 Benton, 17 Ida and Sac, 18 

 and in other publications from the type locality in Union county. 19 It 

 will be observed that thus far no gravels from the western part of the 

 state have been definitely referred to the Aftonian. 



The Aftonian in western Iowa 



While engaged in the survey of Harrison and Monona counties for the 

 Iowa Geological Survey the writer found numerous deposits of sands and 

 gravels clearly belonging to the Aftonian stage. 20 At a number of points 

 in these and neighboring counties sand and gravel pits have been operated 

 for several years in connection with cement block and tile plants, or for 

 building purposes, but the deposits were regarded as local pockets. 



Previous Work in western Iowa 



The geologists who have studied the neighboring counties in recent 

 years found like deposits of sand and gravel, and regarded them as lacus- 



4 By Finch, Beyer, Macbride, and Calvin, in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sci- 

 ences, vol. iv, 1897, pp. 54-68 ; T. E. Savage : Reports of the Iowa Geological Survey, 

 vol. xv, 1905, p. 523. 



5 By W. H. Norton, ibid., vol. ix, 1897, p. 474. 



6 By W. H. Norton, ibid., vol. xi, 1899, p. 343. 



7 By T. E. Savage, ibid., vol. xiii, 1903, pp. 232-233. 



8 By S. Calvin, ibid., vol. xiii, 1903, p. 291. 



9 T. C. Chamberlin, in the original references cited ; T. E. Savage : Proceedings of the 

 Iowa Academy of Sciences, vol. xi, 1904, pp. 103-109 ; S. Calvin : Proceedings of the 

 Davenport Academy of Sciences, vol. x, 1905, p. 19. 



10 H. F. Bain : Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, vol. v, 1898, pp. 98-99. 



11 J. W. Holzinger and G. X. Best : Bryologist, November number, 1903 ; T. E. Savage : 

 Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, vol. xi, 1904, pp. 105 and 108. 



12 T. II. Macbride : Proc. of tbe Iowa Academy of Sciences, vol. iv, 1897, pp. G3-GG. 

 " S. W. Beyer : Vol. vii, 1897, pp. 231-232. 



14 J. A. Udden : Vol. ix, 1899, pp. 338-339. 



15 J. A. Udden : Vol. xi, 1901, p. 1*4. „ 



19 F. A. Wilder : Vol. xii, 1902, pp. 130-131. 



17 T. E. Savage : Vol. xv, 1905, p. 202. 



18 T. H. Macbride: Vol. xvi, 1906, p. 532. 



19 H. F. Bain : Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, vol. v, 1898, pp. 86-101 ; 

 S. Calvin : Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences, vol. x, 1905, pp. 18-30. 



2u The writer published a note concerning them in Science, Dec. 25, 1908, p. 923. 



