HISTORY OF PALEOGEOGRAPHY 431 



Weeks: Bibliography and index of North American geology, paleon- 

 tology, petrology, and mineralogy for 1901-1905, inclusive. Bulletin 

 301, IT. S. Geological Survey, 1906. 



Weeks and Mckles : Bibliography of North American geology for 1906 

 and 1907. With subject index. Bulletin 372, U. S. Geological Survey, 

 1909. 



Dowling : General index to the Eeports of Progress, Geological Survey 

 of Canada, 1863-1884. Published in 1900. 



Mcolas : General index to Eeports, Geological Survey of Canada, 1885- 

 1906. Published in 1908. 



History of Paeeogeography 

 detailed references 



In his presidential address before the Geological Society of London, in 

 1881 (page 203), Eobert Etheridge introduced the term "paleogeogra- 

 phy," this being apparently the first time the word was brought into use. 

 However, as the expression is so closely allied in thought with ancient 

 geography, it may have had an earlier origin. Since Canu's use of the 

 word in 1896, it is frequently seen in print, and is now generally adopted 

 to signify the geography of geologic time. 



The earliest paleogeographic maps indicating the ancient relation of 

 seas to lands may be attributed to James D. Dana. In the first edition 

 of his "Manual of Geology" (1863), three maps are given showing respec- 

 tively the "Azoic lands and seas of North America" (136), "North 

 America in the Cretaceous period" (489), and "North America in the 

 period of the early Tertiary" (530). 



In 1865 Heer's famous book, "Die Urwelt der Schweiz," appeared at 

 Zurich, and in it were presented four paleogeographic maps of central 

 Europe during the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Middle Miocene. These 

 maps are detailed, and agree with modern ones in recognizing that the 

 continental seas are local bodies of water between small land-masses. 



In 1866 a high grade paleogeographic map made by Goodwin- Austin 3 

 was published in England, and showed the lands and seas during Crag or 

 Pliocene time. Ten years earlier, 4 however, the same geologist had 

 printed what may be regarded as a paleogeographic map exhibiting the 

 probable lands of western Europe during Paleozoic and Mesozoic time. 

 This seems to be the first paleogeographic map, but as it treats of no spe- 



3 Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 22, 1866, p. 240. 

 * Ibidem, vol. 12, 1856, plate 1. 



