434 C. SCHUCHERT PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA 



Arldt 7 has brought together a vast mass of paleontologic and biologic 

 information, which he has directly applied to the development and con- 

 nections of the ancient continents. In his unique book. "Development of 

 continents and their life/ 3 he reproduces seven paleogeographic maps of 

 the world by Freeh and Koken and adds three of his own. 



"Antlitz der Erde," the famous book by Suess, 8 is of course indispensa- 

 ble in all paleogeographic work, and is now readily accessible in the 

 English translation by Sollas and Sollas. 



In his interesting and valuable work, "Archhelenis und Archinotis" 

 (1907), Yon Ihering discusses the various ancient lands of which South 

 America is composed, and gives a paleogeographic map of the world in 

 Eocene times. 



In 1896 Canu 9 brought out an atlas of fifty-seven maps illustrating the 

 ancient seas and lands of France and Belgium. Koken, 10 in his well 

 known text book, gives four world maps of Cretacic and Cenozoic times. 

 In 190 7 11 he also published a large and most interesting map of the world 

 in Permic time. Freeh 12 (1897-1902) has shown six paleogeographic 

 maps of the world during the Paleozoic era. Karpinsky 13 (1896) gave 

 fourteen maps of European Kussia, from the Ordovicic to the Pleistocene, 

 inclusive. Ortmann 14 discusses the "Theory of Antarctica," and gives a 

 paleogeographic map of that continent, with its supposed former land 

 connections. D. TVhite 15 (1907) enters into an interesting discussion in 

 regard to the climate of Gondwana and the floral distribution obtaining 

 there. 



Chamberlin and Salisbury, in their "Geology" (1906), brought out 

 eighteen Xorth American maps of great value because of the careful plot- 

 ting of surface outcrops and indications of the probable extent of the seas. 

 These maps have been of considerable service in the present work. 



Eegarding the fifteen maps shown at the Baltimore meeting of the Geo- 

 logical Society of America, "Willis 16 is publishing them while this paper is 

 printing. These Xorth American paleogeographic maps are excellent as far 



7 Arldt : Die Entwicklung der Kontinente und Ihrer Lebewelt, 1907. 



s Suess: Antlitz der Erde. I. Abt 1, 1883, 2, 1885 : II, 1SS8 ; III, 1901: III, Abt. 2. 

 1909. The first two volumes translated into English by Sollas and Sollas, 1904 and 

 1906. 



9 Canu : Essai de Paleogeographie. Paris, 1896, text and atlas. 



10 Koken : Die Vorwelt und ihre Entwickelungsgeschichte, 1893. 



" Koken : X. Jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal., Pestband, 1907, pp. 446-546. 

 13 Freeh : Lethsea geognostica, 1897-1902. 



13 Karpinsky : Bull. 1'Acad. Imp. des Sci., St. PStersbourg, 1894. Also Ann. G€og- 

 raphie. Paris. 1896. pp. 179-192. 



14 Ortmann : Princeton University Expedition to Patagonia, vol. IV, 1902, pp. 310-324. 



15 White : Journal of Geology. Chicago, vol. 15, 1907. 

 19 Willis : Ibidem, vol. 17, 1909. 



