POSITIVE ELEMENTS -iiO 



devoid of all fossiliferous sediments. Franklinia includes the Franklin 

 archipelago (Arctic archipelago of Willis, 1907, 393). During parts of 

 Ordovicic and Siluric times this region was under the sea, but subsequent 

 to the late Siluric only its northern region was invaded by the Arctic 

 ocean of later Paleozoic times. In reality Franklinia was but a part of 

 Greenland. Ungava was decidedly positive along its eastern and western 

 portions, but in the northern area the Ordovicic and Siluric seas slightly 

 overlapped, while during the Paleozoic its southern border was variously 

 inundated, this being especially true along the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. 

 Keewatinia, to the southeast of Hudson bay, extended from southern Kee- 

 watin through Ontario to and including peninsular Wisconsia. As an 

 independent land surrounded by marine waters, it persisted only during 

 Ordovicic and Siluric times. If this area was ever greatly submerged, 

 this occurred in the north ; in the south and only in middle Cambric times 

 did the Mississippian sea isolate Wisconsia as an island. The latter sub- 

 element was first referred to by Chamberlin, 103 then by Dana, 104 as the 

 Michigan island. In 1907 Willis 105 termed it "the isle of Wisconsin/' 

 Adirondachia (Adirondack area, Dana, 1874, 150) appeared as an island 

 during various times in the early Paleozoic, and may have been completely 

 inundated in the Utica. Later neither the waters of the Mississippian 

 sea nor those of the Saint Lawrence sea ever completely invaded the 

 promontory. The "Frontenac axis" of Ami 106 is embraced in western Adi- 

 rondackia. MacJcenzia was an extensive flat land appearing as a separate 

 element only during parts of Ordovicic and Siluric times. 



Llano. — See Columbia. 



MacJcenzia. — See Laurentia. 



Missouria. — This is the same as the "Missouri island" of Dana 107 and 

 "Ozarkia" of Ulrich. 108 It included the Ozark Mountain area of Missouri 

 and Arkansas and was almost continuously positive, for only in late Cam- 

 bric (Ozarkic) time was it entirely beneath the sea, but it was again nearly 

 submerged in the later Mississippic. Missouria was often in connection 

 with the greater western land Siouxia. 109 



Mount Desert range. — This is defined as "commencing near Chaleur 

 bay, on the gulf of Saint Lawrence, and continued south westward through 

 New Brunswick to the coast of Maine, where it includes the Mount Desert 



103 Chamberlin : Geological Survey of Wisconsin, vol. 1, 1873, p. 119. 

 10 * Dana : Manual of Geology, 1874, p. 150. 



103 Willis : Bull. Geological Society of America, vol. 18, 1907, p. 393. 

 108 Ami : Ibidem, vol. 13, 1903, pp. 517-518. 



107 Dana : Manual of Geology, 1895, p. 537. 



108 Ulrich : Professional Paper no. 24, U. S. Geological Survey, 1904, p. 111. 



109 Also see Willis : Bull. Geological Society of America, vol. 18, 1907, pp. 395, 398. 



