MISSISSIPPI PERIOD 551 



and Weller regards it "as a close ally of the fauna of the Fern Glen." 

 The Madison limestone fauna is known from southern Arizona north to 

 southern British Columbia. Further north the Banff limestone has Mis- 

 sissippic faunas. To the late Kinderhookian of the Cordilleran sea the 

 writer refers also the Upper Ouray, Leadville, and Millsap limestones of 

 Colorado. The lower part of the Bed Wall of the Grand Canyon and the 

 Escabrosa and Modoc of Arizona likewise belong here. 



During the late Devonic the eastern extension of the Cordilleran sea 

 appears to have become land for a time, and this area in Iowa and Mis- 

 souri probably continued into the earliest Bradfordian. The western sea 

 then again extended across Iowa and united with the northern Appa- 

 lachian basin during the time of the Chonopectus zone of the Burlington 

 section. This northern Kinderhookian sea remained unconnected with 

 the Mississippian sea across Kankakeia until toward the close of the Kin- 

 derhookian. In the meantime the eastern extension of the Cordilleran 

 sea was encroaching upon the western side of Missouria, and made con- 

 nection to the south of this land at an earlier date than across the Kanka- 

 kee axis. 



Saint Lawrence sea. — In Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and New- 

 foundland occurs the very thick Windsor series of variegated marls, sand- 

 stones, and dolomites, followed below by beds of gypsum, marls, sand- 

 stones, and shales. The oldest fauna of this series at Windsor includes 

 but few species, and these remind one of Kinderhookian time. In the 

 higher dolomites at Windsor a rich fauna appears that is very different 

 from that in any American Mississippic horizon, and as it is also unlike 

 those of Europe, it is difficult to correlate. Seemingly it is of Keokuk 

 time, yet may be somewhat younger, as Litliostrotion is reported at Pic- 

 tou, which is not far from Windsor. 



According to Dawson, the Horton series, consisting of coarse conti- 

 nental deposits, follows below. The plants of this series and of the 

 Albertite beds are regarded by D. White as of late Kinderhookian time. 

 The Bonaventure of the Gaspe peninsula is also of Mississippic time, and 

 consists largely of conglomerates and sandstones, red in color and all con- 

 tinental in character. 



Arctic regions. — In Alaska, on the Porcupine, near the International 

 boundary, Kindle reports Mississippic shales holding a small fauna which 

 Girty believes to suggest "the earliest fauna of the Mississippian." The 

 few associated plants are regarded by D. White as probably indicative of 

 Kinderhookian time. Brooks and Kindle state that there may be no 

 break here between the Devonic and the Mississippic. 



XLVIII — Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 20, 11)08 



