PENXSYLYANIC-PERMIC PERIOD 575 



recognizable in Asia and eastern Europe. Most of the occurrences of Carbon- 

 iferous in the West can be referred to this series, although some of them pre- 

 sent more or less distinctive fades." 



Guadalupian (Permic) of the Trans-Pecos region of Texas. — The Hue- 

 conian of this area is followed by the Guadalupian, but it is not known 

 whether the succession is a continuous one or is broken. At the base are 

 black non-magnesian, bituminous limestones, of which about 200 feet are 

 visible. These are succeeded by the Delaware Mountain formation proper, 

 consisting chiefly of sandstones in the north and of more calcareous mate- 

 rial in the south, and having a thickness of from 1,200 to 1,500 feet. At 

 the top are dark limestones not less than 100 feet thick, followed by the 

 Capitan white massive limestone about 1,800 feet in depth. Eichardson 218 

 refers the three lower members to the Delaware Mountain formation, while 

 the fourth is the Capitan limestone. 



These formations have yielded a fauna comprising 326 forms (220 are 

 specifically named), described by Girty 219 in great detail. They are chiefly 

 Protozoa (9 species), Sponges (24), Bryozoa (44), Brachiopoda (128; 

 Productus 25), Pelecypoda (45), and Gastropoda (42). The fauna, 

 while large, is a very strange one, being composed almost entirely of local 

 forms, most of which are small in size. The life of the Guadalupian "is 

 quite unlike the faunas of eastern North America, and almost equally 

 unlike most of those of the West." "The nearest are probably those of 

 the Salt Eange and Himalaya, in India, and of the Fusulina limestone of 

 Palermo, in Sicily." It "is younger than the Kansas 'Permian/ and 

 . . . belongs to a different epoch." 



The Delaware and Capitan have a very similar fauna, and are bound 

 together by the following characteristic forms: Fusulina elongata (attains 

 a length of more than one inch), a Mesozoic type of bryozoan near Domo- 

 pora, the brachiopods Streptorhynclius, Ortliotetes, Leptodus americanus, 

 many species of sinused, coarsely spinose Producti, Aulosteges, Richtho- 

 fenia permiana, Nothothyris, Heterelasma, many Spiriferina, the pelecy- 

 pods Pteria, and a Mesozoic genus near Camptonectes. 



In the basal black limestone of the Delaware formation the fauna in 

 some respects retains a Hueconian facies, but that it is of Permic time is 

 shown by the presence of Richthofenia permiana, Aulosteges (2 species), 

 Paraceltites elegans, Peritrochia ereous, and Agathoceras texanum. The 

 survivors are Enteletes, Meelcella, Pugnax osagensis (a Missourian form of 

 the Mississippi valley), Clinopistha ?, Leda, Yoldia, and Naticopsis. 



218 Richardson : Bull. no. 9, University of Texas Mining Survey, 1904, p. 38. 



219 Girty : Professional Paper no. 58, U. S. Geological Survey, 1908, pp. 28, 39. 



