CRETACIC PERIOD 593 



along the coast from Texas to New Jersey. It is noteworthy that the European 

 fauna most closely related to the Ripley is found at Aachen in [northern] 

 Germany." 



Pacific coast. — In California the Horsetown of Comanchic age passes 

 without break into the littoral Chico of the Cretacic. Many of the spe- 

 cies are common to the two formations. In northern California the 

 Chico consists chiefly of sandstone and conglomerate, with local zones of 

 shales, the whole attaining a thickness of 4,000 feet. Wallala and Lower 

 Martinez are other names included in the Chico. Division A of the 

 Queen Charlotte series and the Nanaimo series of Vancouver (5,226 feet 

 thick; Comox, 4,912 feet) are the northern equivalents of the Chico, all 

 three being united by a common fauna. 259 With the exception of Gry- 

 phcea vesicularis, Inoceramus digitatus, I. labiatus ?, and possibly a few 

 other species of bivalves, there is nothing in common between the Pacific 

 faunas and those of the Coloradoan sea. All these forms either have a 

 long range or are widely distributed species. N"one of the Pacific coast 

 faunas are thought to be younger than the Pierre, and the faunas of the 

 next formation, or Tejon, suggest the Claibornian of late Eocene time, 

 but are usually regarded as basal Eocene. In some places the Chico and 

 Tejon are disconformable with one another, but in general there is angular 

 unconformity between them, showing that the Laramide revolution is as 

 well indicated here as in the deposits of the Coloradoan sea. 260 



Some of the more characteristic fossils are: Trigonia evansana, Cu- 

 cullwa gravida, Pectunculus veatchi, Caryatis nitida, Pharella alta, Cymbo- 

 pliora asliburneri, Inoceramus whitneyi, Coralliochama orcutti, Action 

 inornatus, Anchura calif ornica, A. falciformis, Scobinella dilleri, Hostel- 

 lites gabbi, Gyrodes expansa, G. conradiana, Pugnellus hamatus, Perisso- 

 lax brevirostris, Acanthoceras turneri, Helicoceras ( ?) vermicular is, 

 Pachydiscus newberryanus, Schlutei'ia jugalis, SchJosnbachia chicoensis, 

 and Baculites chicoensis. 



Stanton 261 states that 



"No ammonoides have been found in any collections from the Tejon made 

 since Gabb's time. 



"The affinities of our west coast Cretaceous faunas are much closer with 

 those found on the opposite side of the Pacific, in southern India, Japan, and 

 Saghalien, than with the Cretaceous faunas in the United States." 



259 Whiteaves : Mesozoic fossils, Geological Survey of Canada, vol. 5, 1903 ; lists a 

 fauna of 168 species, on pages 314-407. 



260 See Diller and Stanton : Bull, of the Geological Society of America, vol. 5, 1894. 

 Stanton : Seventeenth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, part i, 1896, pp. 

 1011-1060. Merriam : Journal of Geology, vol. 5, 1897, pp. 757-775. Weaver : Bull, of 

 the University of California, vol. 4, 1905, pp. 101-123. 



- « Stanton: Ibid., 1906, pp. 1031-1034. 



