DETAILS OF MA UNA T-OA KRUPTION 47 



60 feet wide, the fall 80 feet in tlie first 400 feet of descent, the velocity 

 40 feet per second, and the depth 10 feet. " There is a continuous and 

 somewliat rei^uhir tlow of lava, with explosions at intervals of one-half to 

 one-eighth second. Tiie lava is thrown up almost continuously 150 feet 

 and occasionally 250 feet high,'' says Kluegel. For several days, when 

 the air was free from clouds, the fountains of lava were beautifully ex- 

 hibited from the Volcano house both day and night. The fountain con- 

 stantly shifted its position, and when nearest the edge of the cone the 

 falling clots resembled spangles of gold in the night-time. Plate 3 is a 

 reproduction of this scene, July 16, as painted by the artist, D. Howard 

 Hitchcock. Plate 4 shows the condition of things on July 19, as photo- 

 graphed by C. C. Langill, whose camera was evidently situated on the 

 third cone, the one shown on the left of the principal vent in plate 2. It 

 proves, like plate 3, the ejection of stones and vapors from the orifice. 



Professor Wood's Observations 



Of the appearances July 11 Professor Wood writes thus: 



"There were two principal live cones, one much more active than the other. 

 Great masses of rock at a white lieat were bein^ hurled liigh into the air. These 

 were probablv pieces of the crater wall. Sometimes quantities of molten lava were 

 blown out; at other times a mixed material in which there was a great deal of 

 sulphur. This molten matter would sometimes be thrown to the height of 200 

 feet. Almost continuously it went higher than 100 feet. This process was going 

 on with almost no interruption, while at intervals ojreat volumes of smoke poured 

 forth from the edojes of the crater. The principal cone was about 150 feet high on 

 the north side. The other sides were considerabl}'' lower. A deep crack between 

 30 and 40 feet wide ran off in an easterly direction. The cone itself was nearly, if 

 not altogether, 200 feet across the top, filled with lava at a white heat, never still, 

 ever leaping, sometimes higher, sometimes lower, ever falling back npon itself or 

 spilling in flakes over the side of the cone. Explosions were numerous, almost 

 continuous, while all the time the rushing, roaring sound of the fire fountains 

 filled the air. Wonderful as was this sight, the view of the river of fire was not 

 less so. It rushed through the opening at the speed of a race-horse, and, plunging 

 over a fall of perhaps 15 or 20 feet, went madly through a deep channel down the 

 side of the mountain'. It rushed along with such force that the surface was 

 marked with undulations like the waves of the sea." 



C. W. Baldwin's Observations 



The visit of the brothers C. W. and E. D. Baldwin followed that of 

 Professor Wood, not far from the 12th of July. From a prolonged sketch 

 the following items are gathered : The whole region about the active 

 cone was a tough network of new flows, and they appeared to have gone 

 in every direction. The sounds increased as we came nearer, but they 



