56 C. H. HITCHCOCK — VOLCANIC PHENOMENA ON HAWAII 



3. Kilaiiea destroyed the continuit}'^ of this tufFaceous deposit by in- 

 tercalating its own discbarges of asbes, lava bombs, rubble, and lava. 



4. Certainly 2,000 square miles of Hawaii have a generous sup})ly of 

 these ashes. They must have occupied many times this amount of 

 space if we take into account those that fell into the ocean. Having 

 had the opportunity of studying the ashes thrown out by Tarawera, 

 New Zealand, in 1886,1 have no hesitation in saying that the Hawaiian 

 deposit far exceeded it in size. There only 82 square miles were covered 

 by a layer exceeding 3 feet in thickness ; here it would not be extrava- 

 gant to sa}'- that more than 1,500 square miles were thus covered. The 

 total area covered by the New Zealand deposit amounted to 6,200 square 

 miles. 



The eruptions producing the ashes must have been of the explosive 

 t3^pe; hence we must believe that volcanoes ma}'' re})resent both the 

 Strombolian and the Vesuvian phases of activit}' at different periods in 

 their histor}''. Most writers upon the Hawaiian volcanoes have insisted 

 that all tlieir eruptions were of the quiet kind. 



