LAKES SAINT LOUIS, NEMADJl, AND DULUTH 121 



causeil glacial kanies in southern Cass county similar to the Bridgewater 

 kame in Rice county.* 



14. Lake Saint Louis 



This lake was situated in Carlton count}^ and was formed by the 

 ponding of the water of Saint Louis river at a date somewhat later than 

 the existence of lake Aitkin. It was described b}^ the writer in the 

 final report of the Minnesota geological surve3^t published in 1899. 

 Its outlet was at about 1,135 feet, and passed into the Kettle river and 

 to the Saint Croix. Thus the action of the ice-margin was to divert 

 waters that belonged to the Saint Lawrence River system across the 

 continental divide into the Mississippi system. 



15. Lake Nemadji 



It required but a slight retreat of the northwestern margin of the 

 Lake Superior ice-lobe to uncover a lower passage tothe Kettle river, 

 and hence to drain lake Saint Louis. This second outlet was also in 

 Carlton county and at a level of 1,070 feet above the sea, or 65 feet 

 lower than the level of lake Saint Louis. The lake here formed covered 

 at length'the valley of the Nemadji river, which flows into the western 

 end of lake Superior, and continued long enough to enable it to make 

 perfect records in all those ways by which glacial lakes are recognized. 

 It deposited a thick blanket of lacustrine clay, it had a marked channel 

 cut through the earlier deposited till, and it formed conspicuous beaches. 



16. Lake Duluth 



This name, which was applied by Mr F. B. Taylor, is synonymous 

 with " Western Superior Glacial lake," a name applied by Mr Upham, 

 and is preferred, notwithstanding Mr Upham's priority, because of its 

 brevity and appropriateness as contrasted with the cumbrousness and 

 the indefiniteness of the title used by Mr Upham. This lake was from 

 12 to 15 feet lower than lake Nemadji and covered nearly the same 

 area. Its outlet was by way of lake Brule, in Wisconsin, and thence to 

 Saint Croix river. It became a large lake, and its beach line is very 

 marked, although it has not been well differentiated in this respect from 

 the beach of lake Nemadji. At the present time the level of the outlet 

 at Brule lake is so nearly the same as that of lake Nemadji, in Carlton 

 county, as to lead one to believe that lake Duluth had the same level 

 as lake Nemadji. It is, however, now a pretty well established principle 



* Final Report of the Geological Survey of Minnesota, vol. i, p. (j(i."). 

 * Op. cit., vol. iv, p. 2u, and foot-note. 



