r.AKKS NOllWOOI), I)1:N1vA, AM) KI.ITMAX 125 



the northern moraine is piled. On the west it was confined by an earlier 

 moraine whicli separated it from the Mississippi river. 



22. Lakk Noil woo I) 



In the retreat of the margin of the northern ice-lobe four glacial lakes 

 were formed on the north side of the Ctiants range, of which the earliest 

 has been named from Dr J. C. Norwood, who first as a geologist passed 

 through some part of its area and left a description of some of its features. 



This lake was located in Saint Louis county, and was about 25 miles 

 long, from east to west. Its outlet was through the Mesabi moraine, 

 toward the south, into lake Upham, and thence to the Mississippi. Thus 

 again, in the later stages of the Wisconsin e[)och, were waters belonging 

 to the Hudson Ba}" drainage system turned into the Mississippi basin. 

 This lake covered the valley of the Embarrus river north of the Mesabi 

 iron range and extended westward so as to include much of that of Pike 

 river. Its date was before the formation of the Vermilion moraine, and 

 its elevation was about 1,450 feet above the sea. 



23. Lake Dunka 



Eastward from lake Norwood the valley which is now occupied by 

 Birch lake, naturally having an outlet northward, was obstructed by 

 the ice-margin in its recession from the Vermilion moraine, and a lake 

 was formed which had an outlet westwardly along the north side of the 

 Giants range into the valley of lake Norwood and thence to the Saint 

 Louis and the Mississippi valleys. This lake stood at a level of about 

 1,495 feet. Its terraced gravels are quite conspicuous about the south- 

 ern shores of Birch lake. It was apparently not a large lake, and it had 

 a rapid river-like connection with lake Norwood until it was drained 

 northward. 



24. Lake Elftman 



Mr A. H. Elftman has named " Gabbro " lake, but as that is the name 

 of the present lake which occupies a part of the same area, it is likely 

 to cause some confusion, and it is proposed to give Mr Elftman's name 

 to this lake, he having first described it. It occupied an area still farther 

 east than Dunka lake and covered a tract in which there is but little 

 drift, now drained by Kawishiwi river. Its outlet was southward and 

 then westward and into the southeastern corner of lake Dunka by way 

 of Stony river. It had an area of about 100 square miles at the time of its 

 greatest extent and an elevation of about 1,700 feet above the sea. On 



X VIII— Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol, 12, 1900 



