OLD WATIOIM.KVKLS 135 



seems to be a continuation of tlio same shore has been traced as far as 

 Cobourg, where it is at 297 feet above tlie sea. lieyond tliis it lias not 

 been followed, thoufijh a vague water-level near Toronto, rising 20 or '^0 

 feet above lake Ontario, which is 24G feet above sealevel, may be a con- 

 tinuation of it. 



Heach lines e(i[uivalent to the one mentioned have not yet been re- 

 ported from New York state, though they should be found there if there 

 were wave action sufiicient to form them on the Canadian side. Doctor 

 Gilbert describes a well marked terrace on a hill to the east of the region 

 mentioned, but apparently too far above 350 feet to be a })r')l)abl(; con- 

 tinuation of the water-plane traced west of Brockville. 



If we suppose the somewhat faintly marked old shore described a))ove 

 to be the continuation of the marine beaches to the east of Brockville, 

 the northeastern part of the region niust have been considerably de- 

 formed since the Saxicava sands and gravels were laid down, for the 

 finding of bones of a whale at 440 feet at Smiths falls, of shelly sands 

 near Ottawa and Arnprior at 470 feet, and of beaches wnth shells at 560 

 feet at Montreal indicates a somewhat rapid rise. Between Maitland 

 and Montreal the average rate of differential elevation is 1.75 feet per 

 mile; and if we take the beach at 615 feet, in which, however, no shells 

 have been found,* it will amount to about two feet per mile. If we com- 

 pare Welchs, near Smiths falls, at 440 feet, with Ernestown, 60 miles to 

 the southwest, at 327, the rate is a little under two feet per mile. These 

 are not improbable rates of differential elevation when compared with 

 those worked out for the Iroquois beach to the west, but the variation 

 in level between Maitland and Welchs, 30 miles to the northwest in a 

 line nearly at right angles to the supposed direction of greatest deform- 

 ation, is 90 feet, or 3 feet to the mile, which seems hard to account for. 



It is possible that in the beginning the sea stood for a short time 

 higher than the main beach levels indicate, forming then the deposits 

 at Welchs and the water-line noticed by Doctor Gilbert in New York. 

 The vague character of the beach at Welchs suggests only a short time 

 for wave action. In connection with this it may be mentioned that 

 fairly distinct beaches have been found by myself at various higher 

 levels in the Bay of Quinte region of lake Ontario, on the bay shore of 

 Prince Edward county at 378 feet, northwest of Belleville at 416 feet, 

 and near Trenton at 390 feet; but thus far these fragrnentar}^ beaches 

 have not been traced for any distance, and could be correlated only 

 doubtfully with beach levels farther east. If these beaches were of 

 marine formation, the sea probably occupied the region for too short a 



*Can. Ice Age, p. 03. 



