EXPLANATION OF PLATES 269 



Plate 24. — Effects of Faultmg {Figures 1, 2, and 3) and Effects of Folding {Figures 4, 



5, and 6) on Topography 



Figure 1. — Diagrammatic sketch of simple fault-scarps. 



Drawing by Spurr from the perpendicular walls of Meadow Valley 

 canyon, Nevada. Shows ascendency of faulting over erosion. 

 Scale, 1 inch = about 40 feet. 



Figure 2. — Faulting of the Pinon range, Nevada (after Walcott). 



Monograph XX, U. S. Geological Survey, page 201. Shows ascend- 

 ency of erosion over faulting. 



P := Pogonip limestone (Silurian) ; E = Eureka quartzite (Silurian) ; 

 L = Lone Mountain limestone (Silurian) ; D = Devonian lime- 

 stone ; C — Carboniferous quartzites ; F = erosion fault-gulch ; 

 F^ = fault with no effect on topography. 



Figure 3. — Faulting of the House range, Utah (after Gilbert). 



U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, 

 volume iii, page 27. Shows ascendency of erosion over faulting. 

 Fault with no effect on topography. On superficial observation 

 apparently a reversed erosion fault-scarp. Scale, 1 inch = about 

 5,000 feet. 



Figure 4. — Cross-section of the Funeral range, California (Spurr). 



The mountains are made up of Tertiary sediments and volcanics. 

 The diagram shows ascendency of folding over erosion. Anticlinal 

 ridges and synclinal valleys of deformation. Scale, 1 inch = about 

 3f miles. 



Figure 5. — Cross-section of the Long Valley and White Pine ranges (Spurr). 



This cross-section was taken in the latitude of the White Pine mining 

 district, and shows ascendency of erosion over folding. Synclinal 

 and monoclinal ridges of erosion and anticlinal valleys of erosion. 

 Scale, 1 inch^= 4 miles. 



1 = Cambrian limestone; 2 = Pogonip limestone (Silurian); 3 = 

 Eureka quartzite (Silurian) ; 4 ^ Lone Mountain limestone (Silu- 

 rian) ; 5 = Nevada limestone (Devonian ) ; 6 = White Pine shales 

 (Devonian) ; 7 = Diamond Peak quartzite (Coal Measures) ; 8 = 

 Coal Measure limestone ; 9 = valley wash (Pleistocene). 



Figure 6. — Cross-section of Humboldt range (after King) : 



Explorations of Fortieth Parallel, Atlas, General Sections Sheet. 

 Shows ascendency of erosion over folding. Anticlinal ridge of ero- 

 sion. A = Archean ; L C == Lower Carboniferous ; U C = Upper 

 Carboniferous. Scale. 1 inch = 4 miles. 



