320 C. W. HALL — KEWEENAWAN AREA OP EASTERN MINNESOTA 



Louis River valley, southward to the great quarries at Sandstone, on the 

 Kettle river. Only the following localities need here be given where 

 recognition has been reported : Section 35, township 46, range 18 west, 

 a well has been dug to the sandstone; section 2, township 44, range 19 

 west, sandstone has been reached within a few feet of the surface; sec- 

 tion 10, townsliip 44, range 20 west, in the bluffs of Kettle river; this is 

 not an extensive outcrop ; section 11, township 43, range 20 west, where 

 begins a practically continuous exposure of 15 miles of horizontal to 

 gently dip])ing, evenly bedded, workable sandstone, extensively quar- 

 ried at the town of Sandstone. Upon that evidence it may be consid- 

 ered as proved that the Minnesota beds beneath the drift in southern 

 Carlton county, in the river gorge at Sandstone, around Hinckley, on 

 the Kettle, Snake, and Saint Croix rivers, and beneath the drift at Pine 

 City, North Branch, and Wyoming belong to one and the same rock 

 series as the brown sandstones of Fond du Lac, Minnesota, and a whole 

 series of localities in Wisconsin. The identification seems to be indis- 

 putable. 



THE EVIDENCE OF ARTESIAN WELLS 



The following data are given as bearing on the question of a fault line 

 now under consideration : At Hinckley, Cambrian sandstone is quarried 

 in the banks of Grindstone creek. A well was bored about 200 feet deep. 

 In the bottom is the same sandstone as at the surface beside the creek. 

 Four and one-half miles to the east, at about the same altitude as the 

 village, occurs a contact of diabase and sandstone with every indication 

 of a fault which the shattered condition of both adjacent rocks can give, 

 yet lacking ocular demonstration at present. At Pine Cit}-, on the west 

 shore of Cross lake, an artesian well is 700 feet deep. The first 230 feet 

 are river sandstone and glacial drift, while the remaining thickness pene- 

 trated is beyond doubt Cambrian sandstone. One and three-fourth miles 

 away the diabase flows stand at the level of Cross lake and form the 

 natural barrier which causes this expansion of the Snake river. At 

 North Branch an artesian well gives a depth of 195 feet, probably in 

 glacial drift. The rapids in the Saint Croix river in the strike of the 

 diabase flows suggest the presence of the Keweenawan rocks within 

 3 miles. At Wyoming a well 505 feet deep penetrates 176 feet of glacial 

 drift and enters the Cambrian sandstones for an additional depth of 

 329 feet. The lava flows of Taylors falls reach a height more than 200 

 feet above the surface from which the Wyoming well was sunk. The 

 distance between Wyoming and the Lower Dalles is 15 miles. Finally, 

 at Stillwater, a well boring reached diabase at 717 feet below the surface, 

 or within 25 feet of the sealevel. At Minneapolis a deep well reached 



