NOETH-WEST OE EXGLAjSTD AND XOETH WALES. 



91 



here for | of a mile the Boulder- 

 clay was split in two by a persistent 

 seam of sand, N, not more than 

 6 inches thick ; the surface of the 

 clay and the imbedded seam of 

 sand followed pretty closely the 

 contour of the rock, 0, below. The 

 remainder of the cutting showed 

 also ; 



a seam of sand, P, 



but it 



was not so denned, and appeared 

 to thin out to nothing at either end 

 or lose itself in indefinable divi- 

 sions or ramifications, P'. 



Shell-fragments were in the 

 sand-seam. The base of the clay 

 rested on the usual red sand, Q, 

 degraded from the rock below. 

 Nearer Warrington there was a 

 cutting in the Boulder-clay; but 

 it presented no features to indivi- 

 dualize it. 



Wigan Junction Railway. — 

 These sections are described in 

 my paper " On a Section through 

 Glazebrook Moss " (Quart. Journ. 

 Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiv. pp. 808- 

 810). The same feature of a divi- 

 sional seam of sand shows in the 

 cutting ; but a bed of " book- 

 leaf" clay 18 inches thick, 8 feet 

 from the surface and a quarter 

 of a mile long, distinguishes the 

 section. 



Cheshire Lines from Hunt's Cross 

 to Aintree. — I examined the sec- 

 tions along this railway while it 

 was being made in 1876-7. The 

 same peculiarities occur at the base 

 of the clay where it is seen resting 

 on the rock, viz. red sand and oc- 

 casional gravel-beds. There were 

 a few seams of sand in the clay 

 itself ; but there was nothing pe- 

 culiar to mark these sections from 

 the last. 



About Liverpool. — Excavations 

 in the City of Liverpool show the 

 Boulder- clay resting on the red 

 sand ; and I have seen very large 

 erratics taken out of them. It 



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