108 T. M. READE ON THE DRIET-BEDS OF THE 



was no doubt a very rough guess ; my attention was not particularly 

 drawn to this point when I examined the Blackpool section. 



The sand-and-gravel beds, G, contain most of the shells that have 

 been taken out of this drift (a list is given in Part I.) ; the gravel 

 appears to lie in lenticular patches in the sand. The shingle is, so 

 far as I could see, all rolled, and contains no scratched stones. The 

 upper clay contains a variety of rounded stones and pebbles and 

 also striated stones ; but these latter are not in the same profusion 

 as in the Boulder-clay about Liverpool. 



At Carnforth, near the station, there is a great development of 

 gravel and shingle used for ballast, intermixed with which are large 

 blocks of limestone. 



At Grange, in Horecambe Bay, the shore is covered with large 

 glaciated limestone boulders and a few fragments of trap rocks and 

 ISilurian slates. The drift from which they have been washed 

 out is decidedly calcareous, and is intermediate in appearance 

 between that in Galway Bay, Ireland *, and the Lancashire Boulder- 

 clay, inclining to the former. 



At Rampside, on the mainland, opposite to Walney Island is a 

 section of Boulder-clay first described by Miss Hodgson. It is of 

 a red colour, very full of large highly glaciated boulders and blocks 

 in great variety — granite, syenite, slate, trap, limestone, grit, &c. ; 

 one of granite measured 7 feet in diameter ; they are imbedded at all 

 angles. Beyond this dome of Boulder-clay, at the further end of a 

 low Postglacial beach, a section of another dome appears; and 

 contained in this is a not very perfectly developed arch of stratified 

 sand following the contour of the surface pretty closely. 



There are not nearly so many stones in this section, though to all 

 appearance it is on the same horizon. 



On the railway from Eurness to St. Bees, especially as St. Bees is 

 approached, there is a wonderful development of sand-and-gravel 

 Drift of great depth. The railway skirts the coast ; and the Drift 

 appears to lie in hummocks. Coulderton Cop is one of the most 

 remarkable of these sand-and-gravel hillocks. 



St. Bees Cliffs (fig. 26). — Commencing at the northern extremity of 

 the section, lying against and partially overlapping the Upper Permian 

 sandstone, J, of St. Bees Head is a purple-red clay, K, containing very 

 few stones. Over this, in the direction of St. Bees Head, stretches a 

 banded arrangement of stratified red sand and gravel, L, following the 

 surface-contour of the clay below, and covered with a thick bed of 

 yellow sand, M, containing in places patches of gravel, M' M', and len- 

 ticular patches of gravel under the surface-soil. At the end nearest 

 to the Sea Cote Hotel, m, the sand is very full of fragments of red 

 sandstone and Silurian pebbles. Prom this bluff stretches a low 

 patch of ground containing Postglacial deposits, N", with a mound of 

 sand-and-gravel Drift running through them ; and at its southern end 

 the cliff of Drift again commences with a bluff of gravel, ; this, 



* " Notes on the Scenery and Geology of Ireland," Proceedings of the 

 Liverpool Geol. Soc, Session 1878-79. 



