HO T. M. KEADE ON THE DKIFX-BEDS OF THE 



again, changes southwards into sand of a red colour stratified in an 

 imperfectly arched form, P ; lying upon this " haunch " of the arch is 

 a large lenticular patch or pocket of gravel and boulders, Q. A great 

 mass of gravel, with boulders, R, at all angles, now sets in, having a 

 very irregular or contorted surface ; this is succeeded by sand with 

 curved laminated bands, S. The southward termination of this cliff, 

 T, at the stream by Sea Mill is a confused mass of huge erratics and 

 boulders thrown about at all angles. Over the whole of the 

 deposits described lies a mass of irregularly stratified sand, U, 

 containing patches of gravel. The highest part of the cliff is about 

 70 feet above high-water mark. 



Southward of the stream another cliff commences ; the basement- 

 bed is here along its whole length a red clay, V, with few stones, 

 evidently the same clay as that at the north end of the section. 



Lying upon the irregularly arched surface of the clay is an 



irregular bed composed of sand and gravel, W, full of large blocks 



. of sandstone and other rocks ; and overlying this and partially 



incorporated with it is the bed of irregularly stratified sand with 



gravel bed, U. 



The total length of these sections is about 2600 yards, or nearly 

 one mile and a half. 



Remarks on the Coast-Sections. 



The section at Blackpool has long been considered a typical one 

 by those who think they see evidences of a division of the Drift into 

 three important beds each representing a distinct condition of climate. 

 My own section (fig. 25) certainly shows a clay generally of a harder 

 nature than the upper bed, and containing more stones, with a greater 

 proportion of them striate^, and separated from the upper by a great 

 development of sands and gravels, which, however, northwards, die 

 into the Upper Clay in a fork-like manner. 



If we could see a section further inland, it is highly probable that 

 these two clays would coalesce and shade into each other in places, 

 as, indeed, is shown to be the case in Mr. Binney's section made 

 twenty years earlier. Mr. Binney himself says that his bed No. 2, 

 " a brownish-coloured clay containing stones and so many pieces of 

 limestone as to render it unfit for the purpose of making bricks," is 

 often replaced by stratified beds of sand and gravel. If we confine 

 ourselves to Blackpool, it may be perfectly natural to speak of a 

 threefold division ; but the moment we attempt to apply the same 

 classification elsewhere we are met by insurmountable difficulties. 



If we are to classify by superposition, the clay at St. Bees will be 

 Lower Boulder-clay ; but, unfortunately, it does not correspond in any 

 other way with that of Blackpool, being nearly stoneless. Again, at 

 Bampside, we have two sections side by side on the same horizon, one 

 being full of glaciated stones and answering to the usual description 

 of " Lower Boulder-clay," the other corresponding more with what 

 is called " Upper Boulder-clay ;" but in it are the arched beds of 

 sand. There is no evidence whatever that one clay wraps over the 



