NOKTH-WEST OP ENGLAND AND tfOKTH" WALES. 119 



to trace with a high degree of probability several varieties of rock- 

 fragments back to their places of origin. 



The Eskdale granite * is found in almost every position and at 

 almost every level, from the Low-level Boulder-clay of the plains of 

 Lancashire to the summit of the Moel Tryfaen in North Wales. It 

 occurs both in large blocks and in rounded pebbles. It is found on 

 the Macclesfield Hills and in the whole of the deposits skirting the 

 coasts from Liverpool to TTlverstone, over a large part of Cheshire, 

 and in the drifts skirting the coast of Wales. 



The syenite from Scale Force, Buttermere, is also of pretty general 

 distribution ; I have found it in most of the localities about Liverpool, 

 and in considerable blocks on the hills above Poynton and Maccles- 

 field, up to 1200 feet above the sea-level at the Bow Stones. 



The Carrock-Fell syenite is a very probable identification. I have 

 found it in several localities about Liverpool. 



There are also porphyritic felstones, probably from dykes by 

 Scawfell. There is a large residuum of rocks of the Silurian 

 series, which, though not individually traceable, assuredly largely 

 came from the Lake district ; and a remaining series of rocks, 

 granites, felstones, diorites, and Old Red Sandstone, that probably 

 have come from the south of Scotland. Although it is thus seen 

 that the individual identifications are only of different degrees of 

 probability, the igneous and sedimentary rocks below the Carbo- 

 niferous series, as a whole, are preponderatingly from the Lake 

 district. The Carboniferous rocks, looking at the proportions in 

 which the various members occur, and comparing them with those 

 found in the Drift in the Ribble valley and the valley of the Kent, 

 are unmistakably from the Carboniferous rocks forming the great 

 Penine chain to the north and north-east of the actual localities in 

 which the drift-specimens are found. 



Mr. Patrick Dudgeon of Cargen, Dumfries, has kindly gone over 

 the rock-specimens which both Professor Bonney and I suspect 

 came from the south of Scotland. He has identified eight of the speci- 

 mens of grey granite as certainly from Criffel. This granite con- 

 tains crystals of sphehe and allanite ; and he is not aware that these 

 minerals occur in any other granite nearer than Aberdeenshire and 

 Sutherland. The Dalbeattie granite is very similar in composition, 

 as regards the proportions of hornblende, mica, and felspar it con- 

 tains ; sphene crystals are also found in it, but not allanite. One of 

 the specimens is of a granite found at Kirkconnel, about seven miles 

 south of Dumfries. Five other specimens he considers probably to 

 be Criffel. Three specimens probably came from granite-veins 

 found in the district. Some of the Old Red Sandstones and Silurian 

 rocks he considers very probably came from the district about Dum- 

 fries ; but they are more difficult to identify f. 



* Mr. Mackintosh was the first to trace the Eskdale and Criffel granites 

 over a large area. 



t Mr. Groodckild mentions the occurrence of granites from Dumfriesshire 

 and Kircudbrightshire in the Eden valley (Q. J. G. S. 1875, pp. 66-7) ; also of 

 Carrock-Fell and Buttermere syenite (ibid. p. 81). 



