406 C. CALLAWAY ON THE NEWER GNEISSIC 



We have thus a twofold discordance. Prom north to south gneiss 

 is brought against higher beds of quartzite, and quartzite is brought 

 against higher beds of gneiss. 



Junction North of Hope Ferry. — The high ground above the ferry is 

 occupied by gneiss on the strike of the gneiss on Ben Arnaboll; and 

 this rock forms the crags overhanging the Hope river to near 

 Inverhope, where the Quartzite comes in. In the cliffs to the north- 

 east of Inverhope the gneiss is sometimes very hornblendic, sometimes 

 passing into hornblende-schist. Here there is also a felspathic schist, 

 somewhat like a banded halleninta. No actual junction is seen, 

 but the Arnaboll gneiss apparently overlies the inverted Quartzite. 



We now come to the striking and instructive section exposed in 

 Whitten Head (fig. 11). In these tremendous cliffs, the junction 



Fig. 11. — Section at Whitten Head. (Scale 1 inch to about 500 feet.) 



W. E. 



of the two groups is exposed as clearly as in a diagram, the snow- 

 white quartzite forming a vivid contrast to the gneiss, with its 

 stripes of red and dark-green colours. The line of separation is an 

 irregular fracture, which first inclines for a short distance towards 

 the west, then turning at an obtuse angle it hades in an easterly 

 direction down to the base of the precipice. The hade being to the 

 upthrow, the fault is of course reversed. Both series dip easterly 

 at about the same angle, the result being that, at some parts of 

 the fault, the gneiss rests conformably upon quartzite. Had the 

 rocks been exposed only upon horizontal surfaces, the two groups 

 would have seemed perfectly conformable. This section thus shows 

 how those appearances have sometimes been caused which have 

 led observers to infer a " clear ascending series." 



North of the Head are two remarkable pinnacles of quartzite 

 rising like gigantic columns out of the sea. Nearer the cliffs is a 

 third stack, into which, according to Murchison, " a shaft of felspar- 

 rock " has been intruded. My reading of the facts is widely 

 different. The pinnacle is a mass of quartzite dipping gently to 

 the west, and resting upon a base of red and dark-green gneiss. 

 There may be granite veins in the gneiss (the distance from which 

 the rock was observed was too great for the determination of this 

 point) ; but certainly no intrusive rock passed up into the quartzite, 

 the basement beds being unbroken and nearly horizontal. This 

 superposition of the quartzite on gneiss is on the west side of the 



