570 E. B. TAWNEY AND H. KEEPING ON THE 



as a purely freshwater deposit ; and we believe that any one who 

 carefully examines the beds will come to the same conclusion. 



The next group of beds (31) comprehends sands 7 feet 10 inches base, 

 or alternations of purplish grey sands and clays in thin layers ; 

 these are extremely fossiliferous towards the lower part, containing 

 Paludina in some layers ; but most characteristic are the layers of 

 Melania turritissima, Unio Solandri, and seed-vessels (Carpolithes). 

 At the base is a bed full of these little black seeds with Uniones. 

 We have called this the " Unio-hed." It is recognizable, with the 

 same characters, in Warden Cliff and Headon Hill, where it occupies 

 a similar position in the Lower-Headon Series. 



This bed is apparently bed No. 3 of the Marchioness's section, given 

 as 4-5 feet thick ; it is mentioned that a specimen of Potamides was 

 found in this bed, " but it is rare." 



(30) A series of clays 9 feet thick are classed together, for they 

 are not rich enough in fossils to make further division advisable ; 

 they consist of pale greenish clay above, marly beds in the centre 

 with Paludina, Limncea, and Unio, and green clay below. 



This corresponds, at any rate in part, to bed (4) of the Mar- 

 chioness's section ; but, since the thicknesses she gives are usually 

 greater than ours, it is not certain that the same grouping has been 

 taken. She mentions small teeth of undeterminable Mammalia, 

 small jaws, and a large calcaneum from this bed. 



(29) Lignitic clay, purplish brown in colour, with reeds : 3 inches. 

 (28) Whity-brown sands, 2 feet 3 inches. The Chara-bed occurs at 

 this horizon, forming pale grey sands about 6 inches thick. It is seen 

 near Paddy's Gap, but thins out further west. It is very rich in seeds of 

 Cham, Limncea longiscata, Melania Jiordeaeea?, and Cyrena arenaria. 

 These (28, 29) are apparently represented by bed (5) of the 

 Marchioness's section, given as 4-6 feet thick ; it is said to begin 

 with a very varied band (about 1 inch) of lignite. Then comes 

 grey sand without fossils, 1^ foot ; next grey clay, 1| foot; and it 

 terminates with 1^ foot of sand, containing Ghara, fragments of 

 Tvionyx, Unio, Limncea, &c. This is the last bed in which Unio 

 occurs. The mention of Chara shows that the lower boundary 

 agrees with ours. The thickness given by her is scarcely recon- 

 cilable with our measurements. 



(27) A lignitic band with Typha, 3 inches ; thin ferruginous and 

 purplish clay with rootlets, 1 foot. 



(26) Clay-iron concretions, reddish and argillaceous at the top of 

 1| foot of a whitish marly hard bed. 

 (25) Pale grey sands, 8 inches. 



(24) Concretionary white marl la} x ers, alternating with pale green 

 layers ; bright green clay peculiarly spotted, and thin stiff green 

 clays ; the whole 3| feet. 



(23) Lignite band, 1 inch; whity-brown sands, 1| foot. 

 (22) Bright green clay, and hard clayey marl weathering with a 

 conchoidal fracture, 2^ feet. 



(21) Bright green clays with a shelly band ; Limncea, Potamomya 

 jplana, Paludina lenta, Lreissena . 7 inches. 



Nos. 27-21 probably correspond to bed (6) of the Marchioness's 



