572 E. B. TAWNEY AND H. KEEPING ON THE 



(12) Greenish-grey clay, with rootlets, 3 feet 3 inches. This 

 seems to be No. 12 of the Marchioness's section, which is given as 

 1-2 feet thick. 



(11) Pale purplish -white sand, with rootlets; much carbonaceous 

 matter in this bed. 



(10) Carbonaceous clay, with rootlets, 9 inches to 1J foot thick, 

 where we measured it east of Long-Mead End. This is the leaf-bed. 

 West of Long-Mead End it thickens out, i. e. carbonaceous and 

 lignitic matter invade a greater thickness of the sediments ; fully 

 12 feet of it are seen in one place. To the east, where thin, it has 

 yielded some good leaves ; but near Long-Mead End their structure 

 has gone : they look as if they had lain too long in stagnant water. 

 The last two beds seem to correspond with No. 13 of the Marchioness's 

 section, given as 6-8 feet thick. She mentions an associated set of 

 Palaeotherioid bones from this bed. 



(9) Bluish-grey clay, with a pale sand layer, Pcduclina lenta and 

 rootlets ; some ironstone bands also in the sand ; after the whity- 

 brown sands follow some bluish-green clays, still with layers of 

 Pcduclina lenta ; and it is in these clays and sandy clays with root- 

 lets that the greater number of the mammalian remains have been 

 found. This may be called the Mammal-bed ; its thickness is 

 12| feet. We had the good fortune to find the mandible of a Dichodon 

 here on our last visit. Mammals, however, have been seldom found 

 of late years. 



This is part of No. 15 of the Marchioness's section, the thickness 

 of which is estimated at 20-25 feet ; but our beds (8-3) seem also 

 to be included. She states that she obtained from it Anthracotherium, 

 Anoplotherium commune, Paloplotliermm, Trionyx, Emys, sometimes 

 bones of birds &c; " remains are not common and difficult to extract. " 



(8) Argillaceous ironstone, 10 inches. 



(7) Marl bed, 1 inch, contains serpents' vertebrae, Paludina, and 

 Potamomya. The Marchioness mentions a bed immediately above 

 the ironstone, with vertebras of lizards, and teeth of mammals, 

 and fishes, crocodiles, Tinonyx, and Emys. It is a pity that these 

 teeth were not determined at the time. Though the collection is 

 now in the National Museum, Cromwell Eoad, and can be studied, 

 there is no means of recognizing what bed a tooth or bone comes 

 from unless it be imbedded in matrix. She also notices our bed (7) 

 below the ironstone as containing the same fossils. Both these 

 (7 and 8) form part of bed No. 15 of her section. 



(6) Sandy clay, 2 feet 3 inches. 



(5) Greenish-grey clay, stained with carbonaceous matter at the 

 top, about 3 feet. 



(4) Purplish clay and lignitic bands, 2 feet ; the lower part of 

 the clay is light grey in colour. 



(3) Blackish-grey clay full of fossils, 8 inches ; Dreissena Brardii, 

 Potamomya plana in great abundance, Oyrena cycladiformis, Ceri- 

 ihium pyrc/otum, and Melanopsis fusiformis. 



We consider this still a freshwater bed because of the Dreissena 

 and Potamomya ; but in the Marchioness's section she makes the 



