0VIB0S MOSCHATUS IN THE FOREST-BED. 579 



begun to attack the Boulder-clays, and to deposit their debris in the 

 gravel bands of the Thames valley. From these two considerations 

 I am inclined to hold that these deposits are preglacial, in the sense 

 of being before the period of the Boulder-clay in the Thames 

 valley. 



6. Present in Britain in Early Pleistocene Ages. 



Whatever doubts, however, may be held concerning the relation of 

 the Lower Brick-earth of the Thames valley to the Boulder-clays, 

 there can be none regarding the Eorest-bed and associated estuarine 

 and freshwater series ; and consequently the skull found at Triming- 

 ham proves that the musk-sheep was in the valley of the North Sea 

 before the Boulder-clay, and extends its range to the early preglacial 

 stage of the Pleistocene period, when the living mammalia came in 

 force into Europe and began to supplant the Pliocene species. 



7. The Overlap of Pliocene and Pleistocene Mammal-faunas in the 

 Forest-bed. 



Pn the Forest-bed Pliocene and Pleistocene species are so 

 mingled together as to prove that the mammal-faunas' overlapped 

 in that area of JNorfolk and Suffolk. To what extent this took 

 place may be seen from the following list brought down to the 

 knowledge of to-day. 



Mammalia of the Forest-bed and Fluvio-marine Series. 

 Survivals from Pliocene. Living species. — 1. 

 Hippopotamus amphibius. 

 Survivals from the Pliocene. Extinct species. — 11. 



Machairodus 



Cervus Polignacus, Rob. 



dicranios, Nesti, = C Sedg- 



wickii, Falc. 



Carnutoruin *, Laug. 

 etueriarum ?, Cr. et Job. 



Rhinoceros etruscus, Falc. 



■ megarhinus, Christ. 



Equus Stenonis, Cocchi. 

 Elephas meridionalis, Nesti. 

 Trogontkeriuni Cuvieri, Owen. 

 Cervus tetraceros t, Dawk. 



New Comers. Living species. — 21. 



Canis lupus, L. 



vulpes, L. 



Mustela martes, L. 



Hyaena crocuta, var. spelsea. 



Gulo luscus, L. 



Ursus ferox. 



Sus scrofa, L. 



Ovibos mosehatus, Bl. 



Bos primigenius, C. 



Cervus elaphus, L. 



capreolus, L. 



Equus caballus, L. 



Castor fiber, L. 



Arvicola glareolus, Schreb. 



amphibius, L. 



arvalis, Pal. 



gregalis, Pal. 



Mus syhaticus, L. 

 Talpa europgea, L. 

 Sorex vulgaris, L. 

 Mygale inosckata, Fisch. 



* After a careful survey of St.-Prest in 1880, and an examination of the 

 fossils in the Ecole des Mines in Paris and of those in the Chateau de Dampierre, 

 collected by the late Due de Luynes, I am obliged to assign the stratum with 

 these remains to the late Pliocene instead of the early Pleistocene. 



t This specimen is in the Museum of the Geological Survey in Jermyn Street, 

 and was obtained from the freshwater deposit at Runton. The species 'is also re- 

 presented by many fragments from the Forest-bed in the collecliun of Mr. Back- 



