630 J. S. DILLER NOTES ON THE 



of the region visited by the writer. The same rocks in all proba- 

 bility occur also in the southern Troad ; bnt nntil further investiga- 

 tions are made, their existence must be left doubtful. 



It seems probable therefore that in the Intermediate Zone there 

 are a number of terranes of different ages. It should be stated in 

 this connexion that the rocks of the southern Troad placed by 

 Tchihatcheff provisionally in the Lower Tertiary are, accordiug to 

 Prof. JNeumayr, of more recent origin. 



Tertiary Bocks. — The third or youngest group of stratified de- 

 posits, embracing those which are certainly not older than the 

 Miocene, may be divided into two portions. Geographically they 

 are entirely distinct, and their stratigraphical relations are yet 

 uncertain. 



Marine Series. — The rocks of the Sarmatic stage of the Mio- 

 cene, so well exposed at JEvenkieui, are now known to border 

 the western coast from the Trojan plain to beyond the mouth of the 

 Touzla, near the promontory of Baba-bournou. 



At the site of the ancient Hamaxitos, several kilometres south- 

 west of Kiulahly, the " Mactra-kalk " with its characteristic fossils 

 forms the acropolis. This limestone is undoubtedly of marine origin ; 

 and although it has a wide distribution north-eastward toward the 

 Caspian and the Vienna basin, yet it has not been recognized further 

 south-west than the coast of the Troad. 



Beneath this limestone, as at Evenkieui, is a great" thickness of 

 sand and clay beds, which are underlain by a conglomerate, and pro- 

 bably, at the bottom of the series, by a stratum of red clay. The con- 

 glomerate is composed chiefly of fragments of andesites and liparites. 

 Fossils have not been found in these beds near Hamaxitos ; but at 

 Evenkieui, according to Calvert and Neumayr, organic remains are 

 not unfrequent, and of a mixed character, indicating that the strata 

 belong, at least in great part, to the Sarmatic stage. 



The marine beds which overlie the " Mactra-kalk" are largely 

 developed south of the mouth of the Touzla, and contain great 

 numbers of fossils, among which are many Ostrece and Gasteropods. 



Freshwater Series. — The second portion of the Tertiary deposits 

 occupies a large part of the interior of the Troad, about the great 

 plain of the Mendere, between Eanedeh and Bairamitch, as well 

 as along the southern coast west of Papazly. It has furnished but 

 few fossils, and they are of such a character that its age cannot be 

 determined with certainty ; however, according to Prof. JNTeumayr, 

 who has kindly undertaken the determination of the fossils col- 

 lected by the expedition, it must be Upper Miocene, Mio-pliocene, 

 or Lower Pliocene. That it is in great part a fresh- or, at most, 

 a slightly brackish-water deposit cannot be doubted. As has 

 already been shown in a preliminary report, where these de- 

 posits are described at some length, the basis of the series is a 

 conglomerate in which no fragments of the basalts, andesites, and 

 liparites have been found. It is overlain by a series of shales 

 upon which, between Demirdji-kieui and Narly, rests a puzzling rock 

 regarded by Tchihatcheff as limestone. It is usually pale-yellowish 



