634 J. S. DILLER — NOTES ON THE 



printed*, but the present paper gives fuller information as regards 

 the classification of the igneous rocks, the result of microscopical 

 examination at Heidelberg. The Reports, on the other hand, deal 

 more fully with the sedimentary rocks and with the physical geo- 

 graphy, which are only briefly alluded to here. 



The physical geography of the Troad is very closely related to its 

 geological structure. The larger areas of the older crystalline rocks 

 form rugged mountainous regions ; that near the west coast north of 

 Touzla rises to a height of. nearly 1 600 feet, andKara-dagh to 925 feet. 

 But the grandest mass is that which forms the range of Caz-dagh, 

 the ancient '"Ida" — 5750 feet. The summits are treeless, but the 

 higher slopes are thickly clothed with pine-woods f ; from a mass 

 of crystalline limestone rise the powerful springs which form the 

 head waters of the Mendere (Scamander) and other rivers of the 

 district. 



The rocks of the Intermediate Zone form some high land on the 

 western slope of Mt. Ida, attaining a height of 2530 feet at Dikelee- 

 dagh, near the southern coast. The granite of Chigri-dagh also makes 

 high ground, the summit here being 1648 feet. 



Comparatively little has hitherto appeared upon the geology of 

 the Troad, although much has been published upon its topography, 

 especially upon that of the north-eastern portion, where all authorities 

 place the site of Ilium, or Troy. The exact site has long been a 

 matter of dispute ; but only two places now claim that honour, 

 Hissarlik and Bounar-bashi. The arguments for or against either 

 site have been largely drawn from questions more or less related to 

 geology, such as the constancy and temperature of springs, changes 

 in the coast-line and in the alluvial plains. Since Dr. Schliemann's 

 excavations at Hissarlik these questions have again been fully gone 

 into, and most authorities now agree that, if any one site is taken, 

 Hissarlik best fulfils the requisite conditions. 



The main facts bearing upon this question are now accessible in 

 the pages of Dr. Schliemann's ' Ilios ' (1880), where are given many 

 statements by, or extracts from, other writers $. To this work 

 reference may be made for information upon the numerous topo- 

 graphical and other works relating to the subject. It will suffice 

 here to note those only which more immediately refer to the 

 geology. 



* Eeport on the Investigations at Assos, 1881, by J. T. Clarke. Papers of 

 the Archaeological Institute of America. Classical Series, I. Boston, 1882. — 

 Appendix by J. S. Diller, Geology of Assos, pp. 166-179. Notes upon the 

 Geology of the Troad, pp. 180-215. 



A description, by Mr. Diller, of anatase in the granite of Chigri-dagh (as 

 mentioned in the foregoing paper), appears in the ' Neues Jahrbuch,' 1883, 



P- 187 - ■ • r , 



t Schliemann (Ilios, p. 70) notes that pines are characteristic of the crystal- 

 line rocks east of Hissarlik ; they cease on the Tertiary limestones. 



+ See especially H. Virchow, pp. 84-90, 95-99, 673-685 ; and E. Burnouf, 

 on the changes in the bed of the Scamander, pp. 79-84. 



