H. WOODWARD ON NEW KIMITERIDGKE-CLIY M1CRURA.. 47 



4. On some New Macrurous Crustacea from the Kimmeridge 

 Clay of the Sub- Wealden Boring, Sussex, and from Boulogne- 

 sur-mer. By Henry Woodward, Esq., F.K.S., F.G.S., of the 

 British Museum. (Read November 3, 1875.) 



[Plate VI.] 



It has always appeared to me to be a poiut of special interest to 

 geologists to record those forms found in a fossil state which have a 

 considerable vertical range, and yet belong to genera existing at the 

 present day. AmoDg higher groups now living, we find the vertical 

 range exceedingly small ; but when we examine the Invertebrata, 

 we meet with such genera as Lingida, Pentacrinus, and Limulus 

 having an extremely high antiquity ; but the higher forms of these 

 types follow precisely the same general law, having a much more 

 restricted range in time than the lower and humbler genera. 



One of the Crustacea about to be described by me belongs to a 

 very interesting group, the family of the Thalassinidae. 



Most if not all of the members of this family are fossorial in their 

 habits, burrowing in the sand or mud with great rapidity and remain- 

 ing concealed in their burrows, save their large claws, which have in 

 many instances been caught and devoured by fishes, or have been cut 

 off by the dredge, whilst the animal itself in its burrow escaped. 



Of living British representatives we have four genera : — 



1. Gallianassa, Leach (1 species) : G. subterranea, Leach. 



2. Gebia, Leach (2 species) : G. stellata, Leach ; G. deltura. Leach. 



3. Axius, Leach (1 species) : A. stirhynchus, Leach. 



4. Calocaris, Bell (1 species) : G. Macandrece, Bell. 



Formerly only one fossil species of this remarkable group of bur- 

 rowing Crustaceans was known, the Callianassa (Pagurus) Faujasii, 

 from the uppermost Chalk of Maestricht, first noticed in an admi- 

 rable work by Fauj as-Saint-Fond entitled ' Histoire jSaturelle de 

 la Montagne de St.-Pierre, Maestricht,' 1799 (p. 179, pi. 32. figs. 

 5 & 6), and subsequently described by Desmarest in 1822*, and by 

 Konig in 1823f . 



Another species was added in 1845, by Otto X from the Green- 

 sand § of Triebitz in Bohemia and Kieslingswalde Glatz, Silesia, and 

 named by him Ccdlianassa antiqua. 



In 1867 Dr Fritsch of Prague added five new species from the 

 Chalk of BohemiaH, namely G. Turtia, C. bohemica, C. brcvis, G. 

 elongata, and G. gracilis. 



* Brongniart et Desmarest, Hist. Nat. des Crustaces, Paris, 1822, 4to, p. 127, 

 pi. 11, fig. 2. 



t Konig, leones Foss. Sect. (Lond. 1823) Centuria 1. p. 2, pi. 2. fig. 20. 



\ Otto in H. B. Geinitz's Grundriss der Verstein. p. 211, pi. 8. figs. 12 & 13 

 (Dresden, 1845). 



§ " Greensand" = oberer Quadersandstein = 0, Cretaceous. 



|| Ueber die Callianassen der buhinischen Kreideformation (Prag, 1867), 

 tabs. 1&2. 



