T. ft. B. LLOYD NOTES FROM THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 77 



axes of a number of small lakes which lie between Theresa and 

 .Redwood. Long parallel ridges, from 100 to 200 feet in width, of 

 Laurentian gneiss are seen on the high ground between Philadelphia 

 and Theresa, running in a direction about N.N.E. and S.S.W., with 

 the strike of the beds. They rise some 40 or 50 feet above the sur- 

 rounding plain, and are distant from each other about | mile. The 

 beds composing the ridges vary in dip from about 75° to 90°. The 

 surfaces exhibit well-marked grooves and strise. Hog's-backs of 

 gneiss, with their steeper ends facing the south-west, rise here and 

 there above the surface of the ground. A stiff, tenacious sandy 

 clay (" Till ; " D in table below), containing rounded boulders, chiefly 

 of local origin, forms a capping to the ridges. 



In the valley of Indian River, below the village of Theresa, the 

 base of the cliff is grooved in a manner somewhat similar to that 

 observed on Black River. 



Tabular List of Beds. 



A. Light red dry sandstone (laminated) ; containing thin seams of carbonaceous 



matter, and rounded lumps of clay in layers. 



B. Dark brown and bluish-coloured sandy clays (laminated), containing occa- 



sional seams of light red sand, without boulders. 

 B 1 . Dark red unstratified clay without boulders. 



C. Beds of mainly unstratified gravel, clay, and sand, containing boulders. 



D. A tougb sandy clay with rounded and some angular boulders (see Croskey's 



definition of boulder-clay). The bed-rock of sandstone or gneiss is 

 rounded, smoothed, and grooved, and marked with fine parallel stride. 



The beds (A) occur at the head of the valley near Theresa, 

 about | mile south of the entrance of the gorge of Indian River. 

 They were about 20 feet in thickness, and rested partly on the bed- 

 rock of gneiss and on the surface of the bed B. The sand was 

 laminated, and showed in places oblique-current action ; besides the 

 thin seams of carbonaceous matter, it contained seams of rounded 

 nodules of clay, not concretionary. They varied in size from a 

 walnut to a duck's egg ; the clay composing them was like that of 

 bedB. 



It is probable that B and B 1 are only varieties of the same deposit. 



C and B only differ in the relative proportions of their constituents. 



Summary of preceding Observations. 



1. The persistent direction of the groovings and striations of the 

 surface rocks over a considerable space. 



2. The coincidence of the directions of the groovings &c. with 

 the longer axes of most of the lakes of the district, and with the 

 general course of Indian River. 



3. The local character of the boulders. 



4. The directions and forms of the parallel ridges and hog's-backs 

 or roches moutonnees. 



The ridges and troughs are quite distinct from the undulations in 

 the Laurentian group so common in other parts of North America. 



