244 J. MAGENS MELLO ON THE BONE-CAVES OF CEESWELL CKAGS. 



chips struck off one end, and the opposite face being much bruised. 

 Besides these implements there were a considerable number t of 

 unfashioned pebbles of quartzite, together with one or two of black 

 chert and of quartz, both in the cave-earth and in the red sand. 

 The cave-earth, as well as the breccia, contained a good many small 

 fragments of charcoal. We found numerous animal remains in this 

 bed. Horse-teeth were specially numerous, and also those of the 

 Rhinoceros tichorhinus, and of the Hyaena ; a good many very perfect 

 fragments of both the upper and lower jawbones of the latter 

 animal were found, one of the upper jaws still retaining, in addition 

 to the canine and large molars, the small fifth molar that is so 

 generally lost. A left ramus of a lower jaw has also some of the 

 incisors in situ. The numerous Rhinoceros- teeth are both upper and 

 lower molars and premolars, together with some milk-teeth, most of 

 them being very perfect. In this bed were found bones of the 

 Reindeer, as well as teeth, and also some fine teeth of the Cave- 

 Lion and of Bears. At the base of the cave-earth, at one place on 

 the left-hand side of the cavern there was a thin bed of small 

 pebbles, apparently deposited by water ; this and the laminated red 

 clay were the only traces of any thing like regular bedding in the 

 floor of the cave, apart from the chief divisions already mentioned. 

 At one point the cave-earth had been considerably disturbed by a 

 fox-hole ; this was the only instance in which such disturbance was 

 seen (see 1, fig. 2). 



The Bed Sand (c). — The Red Sand underlying the cave-earth 

 contained comparatively few bones, except in one place near the 

 entrance of the cavern, where a considerable number of large bones 

 were found at its base, almost resting on the underlying light sand. 

 The bones consisted of portions of antlers and other remains of the 

 Reindeer, some very perfect metacarpals and metatarsals, and ver- 

 tebras of the Bison, and some bones of the Hyaena etc. At another 

 place was found an extremely perfect small molar of Elephas primi- 

 genius with a portion of the jawbone still attached to it. A further 

 and detailed account of the implements and bones of this cavern has 

 been kindly prepared for me by my friend Prof. Boyd Dawkins, and 

 will be found in the following paper. One thing to which I should call 

 attention is the somewhat strange fact that although a very large 

 majority of the bones discovered have been gnawed by hyaenas, to 

 whose agency we must attribute the presence of most of the animal 

 remains found in these caves, yet up to the present time we have 

 been able to find no trace of the coprolites of these animals, which 

 are usually so numerous in hyaena-dens ; I hardly know how to 

 account for their absence. I hope that we shall be able to continue „ 

 the work of exploration during the ensuing summer ; and the results 

 of such further explorations I trust I shall have the honour of 

 bringing before the Society at a later period. 



[For the Discussion on this paper see p. 256.] 



