246 W. BOYD DAWKINS ON THE MAilMALIA AND 



2. Occupation of cave by Hyaenas interrupted by Floods. 



The red sand and clay of the lower ossiferous stratum are the 

 results of an occasional flooding ; and the smoothed and rounded 

 surfaces of many of the bones and teeth are due to the friction of 

 the sand set in motion by the currents of water in the cave. 



It seems, therefore, tolerably clear that the occupation of the cave 

 by the Hyaena, during the time of the deposition of the lower ossiferous 

 stratum, was occasionally interrupted by floods. 



3. Occupation of cave by Hyaenas during deposition of cave- earth 

 interrupted by Main. 



The middle deposit of red loam, of the kind so abundant in 

 caves in the south of England, has probably been introduced during 

 heavy rains, and is to some extent the result of the decomposition 

 of the limestone. During its accumulation Hyaenas inhabited 

 the cave ; but their occupation was disturbed by the visits of Palaeo- 

 lithic hunters, who left behind them the implements to be presently 

 described. 



4. Occupation by Main daring the period of the Breccia. 

 The remains from the breccia above the cave-earth seem to me 

 to indicate that the cave at that time was inhabited by Man, and 

 that it was not so frequently visited by the Hyaenas as before. 

 The pieces of breccia, which I have carefully broken up in search 

 after bone needles, contain for the most part the split and broken 

 bones and a few vertebrae of the Hare. Had the Hyaenas then 

 frequented the cave, the vertebrae would have been eaten, and some 

 of the bones would have been gnawed. 



5. Dog not present. 

 The presence of the vertebrae also implies that the Dog was not 

 used by the hunters who then lived in the cave. It will be remem- 

 bered that a similar conclusion was drawn by MM. Lartet and 

 Christy from the vertebrae of Reindeer in the caves of Perigord with 

 regard to the Palaeolithic hunters in the south of France. It seems, 

 to me, indeed, after a careful examination of all the evidence, that 

 the Dog was not the servant of Man in the Palaeolithic age in 

 Europe, and that the reputed occurrence of its remains in deposits 

 of Pleistocene age is the result of mistaken identity, or of mistaken 

 (jisement. 



6. Fauna of the Breccia different from that of underlying straita. 



The group of remains from the breccia differs, as may be seen 

 from the following Table, considerably from those of the underlying 

 strata. The carnivores of the latter, with the exception of the 

 Hyaenas and Wolf, are conspicuous by their absence ; while all the 

 herbivores are represented, with the exception of the Bison. The 

 Hare, on the other hand, so rare in the latter, is abundant in the 

 breccia, This difference in the mammal faunas is accompanied, as 

 will be seen, by corresponding differences in the implements. The 



