256 W. BOYD DAWKINS ON THE MAMMALIA AND 



proved his presence in the Pleistocene age in Yorkshire ; the caves of 

 the south of England prove that he wandered over the plains now 

 submerged beneath the waters of the Channel ; those of Somerset, 

 Pembroke, and Herefordshire, that he inhabited the valleys of the 

 British Channel, the Severn, and the Wye. He is proved by M. 

 Dupont to have hunted the reindeer and mammoth in Belgium, on 

 the eastern side of the great valley which, during the latest stage of 

 the Pleistocene, extended across where now exists the German ocean, 

 and joined the eastern counties to Belgium. That savage tribes living 

 on the chase should be found on one side only of a great valley, while 

 the animals which they hunted were equally abundant on both, 

 was in the highest degree improbable. We now have proof that 

 their hunting-grounds extended as far to the west as the hills of 

 Derbyshire — hills which in those times abounded with Bisons, Rein- 

 deer, Horses and Woolly Rhinoceroses, and in which (as I have shown 

 in my " Essay on the Animals found at Windy Knoll ") there was a 

 continual swinging to and fro of migratory animals as in North 

 America. And further, we now have proof of the presence of the 

 Palaeolithic hunters close to the glaciated region to the north-west, 

 which was probably covered with glaciers in the late Pleistocene 

 age. We have, however, no evidence as to the relation of the con- 

 tents of the Creswell Caves to the Boulder Clays. 



Discussion. 



Mr. Evans considered the cave to be of a most interesting cha- 

 racter. Implements of worked flints were here found in one bed 

 lying on another in which implements of quartzite occurred, the 

 latter being the ruder. That the implements from the lower bed 

 were less finished than those of the upper was doubtless to a great 

 oxtent due to the nature of the material of which they wore formed. 

 Some of them resemble in character forms from the upper valley- 

 gravels of the Somme. Almost identical specimens had been ob- 

 tained, from what were apparently valley-gravels, near Toulouse. 

 On the other hand, the implements in the upper layer resembled 

 those of Solutre, Aurignac, and Kent's Cavern, and possibly repre- 

 sented a period earlier than that of La Madelaine. Amongst tho 

 specimens were some of great interest. One flake was worked off at 

 the end in a diagonal direction, like specimens from Kent's Cavern. 

 There was also a borer like those from La Madelaine. Some of the 

 scrapers, however, might be taken to represent any period in the 

 French caves subsequent to that of Le Moustier, while one " side- 

 scraper," or " chopper," was much like those from Le Moustier. 

 The paper was one of the greatest interest ; and he hoped that it 

 would be supplemented by further reports as the work progressed. 



Prof. Prestwich remarked that the superposition of the bed con- 

 taining the more perfectly formed implements over that in which those 

 less highly finished were found, was better marked in this cave than 

 in any other in this country. The absence of the coprolites of the 

 Hysena in this as in the Brixham Cave was probably due to their 



