292 J. W. JUDD OX THE AXCIEXT VOLCANO OF 



34. On the Axciext Yolcaxo of the District of Schemxitz, 

 Hungary. By John W. Juod, Esq., F.G.S. (Read April 26, 1876.) 



[Plate XX.] 



Introductory. 



"When, two years ago, the conclusions at which I had arrived con- 

 cerning the relations of the so-called plutonic rocks to those of 

 undoubted volcanic origin in the Scottish Highlands were laid before 

 this Society, it was suggested by the late Sir Charles Lyell that pro- 

 bably no series of igneous rocks would be found to offer better 

 illustrations of the phenomena which I then described, or would 

 furnish more valuable opportunities for testing the truth of the 

 general conclusions to which I had been led, than the old volcanic 

 masses encircled by the mountain-ranges of the Carpathians. 

 From Mr. Poulett Scrope, ever ready with generous aid to those 

 who devoted themselves to the studies which he had himself so 

 successfully prosecuted in earlier days, a suggestion from his life- 

 long friend was always sure to meet with a ready response ; and 

 thus I found myself afforded an opportunity of continuing the ex- 

 amination of these interesting questions, by a careful study of the 

 volcanic rocks of Hungary and Transylvania. From both the 

 friends I was privileged to receive muoh valuable advice in pre- 

 paring for the work I proposed to undertake; and when the one 

 was taken from our midst, the other seemed to redouble his efforts 

 to counsel and aid me in its execution. In laying before this So- 

 ciety the first portion of the results of an investigation, in the con- 

 ception and conduct of which these fathers of our science so warmly 

 interested themselves, it is impossible to avoid giving expression to 

 those feelings of sadness which the reflection that neither of them 

 has survived to witness the completion of my task so powerfully 

 awakens within me. 



There is probably no country in the world where the geologist 

 finds more valuable aid in carrying on his researches than the 

 Austrian Empire. The Imperial Geological Institute of Vienna has, 

 under the successive direction of Haidinger and Yon Hauer, issued 

 geologically coloured copies of the whole of the 165 sheets of the 

 military map of the empire ; and these have been accompanied by 

 most valuable memoirs on the different districts, published in the 

 well-known ' Jahrbuch ' of the institute. Franz von Hauer has, 

 further, completed a reduction of these large-scale maps to a gene- 

 ral map consisting of twelve sheets, with a memoir descriptive of 

 eich, and has, finally, in his most valuable and useful work ' Die 

 Geologie undihre Anwendung auf die Kenntniss der Bodenbeschaf- 

 fenheit der osterr.-ungar. Monarchie,' which is accompanied by a 

 single-sheet map of the whole country, summarized in a most able 

 manner the entire mass of information hitherto obtained con- 

 cerning the geology of the empire. Of the great importance of 



