1846.] MURCHISON ON THE GEOLOGY OF GOTHLAND. 27 



a few species common to other limestone tracts of the island, asso- 

 ciated with a few forms undistinguishable from Devonian types. 



Thus Colonel Helmersen discovered two specimens of the Calceola 

 saiidalina, a shell hitherto exclusively found in the Eifel and De- 

 vonian limestones. This fossil was found on the south-eastern shore in 

 the limestones of Lansberg, which though somewhat to the N.E. of 

 Grotlingbo, probably belong to the same overlying group as the re- 

 maining portion of the south of the island. At that point the higher 

 plateau extending from the shore towards the interior (across which 

 we walked), resembles a shingle beach chiefly made up of loose 

 corallines, but beneath these loose fossils lies a blue-hearted, sandy, 

 thin-bedded limestone, which considerably resembles the forest mar- 

 ble of the British oolite ; whilst the inland cliff overhanging taluses 

 of gravel and detritus, to which I have alluded in a previous memoir, 

 is a hard breccia-like agglomerate with few traces of bedding. 



In a region so flat and so obscured in many parts by drift and local 

 detritus, it is truly no easy matter either physically to connect or to 

 dissociate the portions of the island in the manner attempted in the 

 ideal general section (fig. 11); for corals reappear everywhere in 

 the limestones ; and the coast cliffs, which are so bold and striking 

 from the south of Lummelund to the Hog Klint (see figs. 8 and 9), 

 there subside into broken taluses which slope down into bogs, 

 morasses and lakes, it being at certain points only — those especially 

 to which I have alluded — that any clear order of superposition can 

 be traced. I trust, however, that the evidences elicited along the 

 east coast are sufficient to demonstrate, that the lowest stratum in the 

 island is the Wenlock shale, and that the highest is a sandy and cal- 

 careous equivalent of the Upper Ludlow rock, with indications of a 

 passage into the Devonian group. 



I subjoin to this description a list of the Upper Silurian fossils of 

 Gothland. The list however includes only the shells, Encrinites and 

 Trilobites ; the corals, which are very numerous, being under exami- 

 nation by Mr. Lonsdale. These it is intended to publish in a sepa- 

 rate memoir ; and the argument will be found, greatly strengthened 

 when their additional evidence is produced. The species in this list 

 marked with an asterisk (*) have been determined by Mr. Sowerby 

 from specimens brought away : the others were identified on the 

 island by M. de Verneuil. 



It is necessary to observe that the localities Hog Klint, Paper 

 Mill and Wisby, may all be considered synonymous with North 

 Gothland; Klinte and Djupviken are in Central Gothland; and 

 Grotlingbo, Bursvik and Hoburg in South Gothland. 



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