188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



the marble for about 1 foot of its height. A space of 1 foot 5 

 inches follows, which is uncovered and uninjured. 



4. It is at this point that the most remarkable phsenomenon pre- 

 sents itself. The column is here pierced with a number of holes, in 

 many of which are the remains of the Modiola: these remains are 

 firmly fixed in the holes by a dried paste of sandy mud. The at- 

 tempts of successive visitors have broken most of the shells, and it 

 is difficult, even where the external aperture of the holes admits it, 

 to extract a perfect specimen. Those which are now before the 

 Society were acquired by many hours of labour, during which I 

 first loosened the paste with a steel wire, and then picked out with a 

 pair of tweezers the particles of mud and sand which clogged up the 

 shells. The length of that part of the column thus perforated is as 

 nearly as I could measure it 8 feet 2^ inches; the lowest perforation 

 being 8 feet 1 inch above the base, and the highest being 16 feet 

 Si- inches above the same level. Near the top of the perforated 

 portion there appears to be a slight indentation quite round the 

 columns, which seems to mark, by the corrosion at that spot, that it 

 remained for a considerable time the line of the level of water. 



5. At 6 feet 6 inches above these perforations, the column X" 

 appears to be cracked nearly through its whole thickness. There 

 are indications of cracks in the two others, but they are more doubtful, 

 and further information on this point is required. 



The remaining 15 feet 8 inches of the column is uninjured ; its 

 total height above the pavement was found, by measuring with a 

 tape, to be 41 feetl ^ inch, which exceeds the sum of the measures 

 of the separate parts by 4^ inches : the height, as found by the 

 means of four measures with a box sextant, was 41 feet 4j inches. 



A number of fragments of columns are scattered about in the 

 temple. They are of three different sizes, which will be denoted by 

 (1), (2), (3). They are described in the following list. 



List of Fragmmits. 



6. A fragment of the upper part of a large column (1) of Cipo- 

 lino marble, 15 feet long, 13 feet girth. It is perforated in every 

 part, along the whole length and also at the two extremities, one 

 hole of a Modiola being actually in the axis. It is represented in the 

 annexed woodcut (fig. 2.) Serpulse are attached to this column, and 

 some are found within the holes previously occupied by the Modiolse. 



1 extracted from the perforations two complete specimens of an Area, 

 and also one single valve of the same species of shell. The holes in 

 which these occurred were ratherlarger than the shells they contained. 

 A thin fragment is split off from one end of this portion of a column. 

 The fragment itself was found at a considerable height above the 

 pavement of the temple, and remained for some time on an elevated 

 bank of sand which the workmen had left. It is so represented in 

 some of the older engravings. 



7. A fragment of Cipolino (1), length 10 feet. It is the middle 

 part of a column. There was a tufaceous deposit remaining on this, 

 in which were noticed some very small bits of brick : part of this 

 deposit covers the broken angles and the ends of the fragment. 



