222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Jan. 6, 



These fossils were discovered, a few days ago, by Dr. Leith of the 

 Bombay Service, and as he is an acute and dihgent observer and well- 

 acquainted with his subject, I think, before very long, these beds 

 will be thoroughly investigated. 



I am preparing an account of the geology of the island, but it is so 

 closely connected with that of the main land, that I am loath to say 

 much upon the one until I am better acquainted with the details of 

 the other. 



I have however succeeded, in the course of the past year, in esta- 

 blishing some rather interesting facts relating to the trap district, and 

 a sketch of these I propose, at the risk of becoming very tedious, to 

 relate. 



Ghauts 4000-4600 feet. g 



+ 



24 miles 



From this section it appears that the Ghauts are a step or scarp, 

 rather than a regular mountain range. Upon the scarp, however, 

 are many hills, commonly the abrupt ends of long ranges which 

 traverse the Deccan E. and W. for from 50 to 300 miles. (B) is 

 such a mountain. 



The Deccan rocks are traps, chiefly greenstone and amygdaloid, 

 capped with basalt. Their dip is very slight, and not discernible upon 

 distances of less than a mile or two. It is however easterly, and this 

 is shown by the occurrence of a pecuUar bed near the top of the Ghaut 

 mountains, and low down on the outlying mountain (C) above Poonah. 

 AAer extending from two to three hundred miles eastward or inland, 

 the trap is found to overlie gneiss and other metamorphic, as well as 

 some later rocks. 



The rocks of Bombay and the western margin of the Konkun, all 

 dip west and at a much higher angle. This led me to suppose that 

 their origin would be in the centre of the anticlinal, and to seek it, 

 not as some have done in the interior of the peninsula, but in the 

 middle of the Konkun ; and here, at (A), I found a broad band of very 

 well-marked craters, extending nearly N. and S., parallel therefore 

 to the Ghauts, and (which is important to any general theory of 

 India) ranging with the Laccadive and Maldive band of islands. 



Lateral bands of volcanos seem to have been here and there given 

 off for short distances, producing bays in the general outline of the 

 Ghauts, of which the most remarkable is that nearly E. of Bombay, 

 towards Jooneer. Basaltic dykes are numerous, parallel both to the 

 main and subordinate bands. 



The aspect of these volcanos shows that they have been submarine, 

 land have been covered up by other igneous rocks ; in fact, that they 

 were the nuclei of more lofty volcanos, now in great part removed. 



