298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



All the clays approach in character to Fuller's earth, and the sand 

 between the nodular concretions in the lower bed (5) is sometimes 

 indurated into a very imperfect stone. 



4. This was called by my collector *' the lower Lobster bed," from 

 the astacoid remains which abound in it. It seems to be a mixture 

 of sand with clay, like that of No. 3, at the bottom of a brownish hue, 

 but above inclining to blue. The fossils of this bed, mentioned in 

 the following list, occur in thin clots or clusters, often without any 

 covering or crust, as if they had been just left upon a sand-bank at 

 the bottom of the sea. Calcareous casts of Ammonites, chiefly^. 

 Deshayesii, are frequent. 



5. The complex bed (5) consists of coarse grey or brown sand, 

 about 20 feet in total thickness, in which large concreted masses are 

 imbedded, in two ranges (5« and 55), composed of indurated calci- 

 ferous sand-rock, abounding in fossils. The sand itself is also fossili- 

 ferous : it has furnished some clusters of Pinna, and above the upper 

 nodules (5), contains fine specimens of Thetis, with a large Astacus 

 (probably a distinct species) and small casts of Ammonites Des- 

 Jiayesii in pyrites. In the lower part, great numbers of Panopsea 

 are found in it standing obliquely upwards. 



5 «. — Of the lower nodules some are 6 or 7 feet long, and a foot 

 to 1 8 inches in thickness, and almost composed of Gervillia anceps 

 {aviculoides), with Trigonia Bcedalea, Ammonites Beshayesii, &c. 

 Other smaller masses contain nuclei of small agglomerated shells, 

 commonly enveloped in a stony crust two or three inches thick; 

 and these have been remarkably fertile in new species, many of which 

 are not repeated in other parts of this section. 



5 5. — The upper nodules {5b), about a foot below the top of the 

 sand, consist of coarse sandy limestone or grit, including fossil coni- 

 ferous wood, eroded by Teredolithes. I counted thirty-two of these 

 masses in 100 paces, on a line descending from the cliifs to low- water 

 mark ; they were from three to five feet long, and about two feet thick, 

 but very irregular in form and dimensions. 



6-1 0. The beds above the " Crackers" are altogether about 40 feet 

 thick. They consist of clay mixed with sand, which in 7 and 9 is in 

 very large proportion; they are all fossiliferous, and the fossils 

 throughout nearly the same. 6. The lowest bed is a brown clay, 

 between 1 6 and 1 7 feet thick, including small nodules with astacoid 

 remains and other fossils, in excellent preservation f. 7. Grey sand. 

 8. Brown clay, containing moulds of Panopcea {My a) mandibula and 

 smaller shells. 9. Grey sand with Astacoids. 10. Brownish plastic 

 clay, containing numerous fossils. This bed once formed an under- 

 cliff of some extent, but only a slight rugged prominence is now left, 

 which is rapidly disappearing. 



t Professor Thomas Bell, into whose hands I put these crustaceans, Las read a 

 description of them before the Geological Society, to which I refer. 



