1847.] VICARY ON THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SINDE. 335 



to the S.E. of Kurrachee, the coarse arenaceo-calcareous rock is 

 elevated mto low hills, which present a very remarkable appearance. 

 The surface is divided into numerous parallel-sided, cistern-like 

 figures by septa of a harder calcareous rock, which has better resisted 

 the action of the elements. The septa are of various thickness, 6 

 inches to a foot in height, and include areas of two or three square yards. 

 At this place I fomid Astrea abundant, a shield-shaped Clypeaster, a 

 very large species of Conus (10 inches to a foot in length), a large 

 Strombus, and a bucciniform Volute upwards of 1 4 inches in length, 

 and not unlike the "Sunk" of the Brahmins. All these specimens 

 were too heavy for a travelling geologist's collection. In the valley, 

 at the base of this hill, there are two springs of intensely salt water. 

 The following table will serve to give a general idea of the relative 

 position of the beds composing the Hala Range, and the formations 

 existing in Sinde :— 



1. Conglomerate. 



2. Clays and sandstone. 



3. Upper bone-bed. 



4. Sandstone, fossils rare. 



5. Lower bone-bed. 



6. Coarse arenaceo-calcareous rock with Cytherea exoleta ? and eooarata : 



Spatangi: no Nummulites. 



7. Pale arenaceous limestone with Hypponyces, Nummulites, and Charoideae. 



8. Nummulitic limestone of the Hala Range. 



9. Black slates, thickness unknown. 



The bone-beds are of a deep rust-colour, often soft, but in many 

 places hard and appearing as if vitrified. In such places there are no 

 fossils, the rock is arenaceous, owing its colour to iron, and seems to 

 be partly cemented by it. The upper bone-bed is often absent, as in 

 the vicinity of Kurrachee. I have seen a few bones in the lower part 

 of the sandstone No. 4. The bone-bed No. 5 is found throughout 

 the Hala Range from Cape Monze to the Beloochistan hills N.E. of 

 the Bolan Pass ; and how much farther it may be produced in a 

 northerly direction remains to be determined. This bone-bed is of 

 variable thickness (from 50 to 500 feet), but preserves the above- 

 mentioned character everywhere, and is easily recognized even at a 

 distance. 



No. 6. The rock of the vicinity of Kurrachee is easily recognized 

 by the abundance of a fossil which I take to be Cytherea exoleta, 

 and the absence of nummulites. The next in descending order, No. 7, 

 is not often seen as a distinct bed. It is distinguished by the number 

 and size of individuals belonging to the genus Hypponyx which it 

 contains, and also by vast numbers of a small circular-shaped fossil. 



No. 8 constitutes the backbone of the Hala* Range, and abounds 

 with nummulites, &c. I shall make an attempt hereafter to point 

 out such fossils as are peculiar to each bed, and in the absence of any 

 designation I shall refer to each bed by the numbers given above. 



The harbour of Kurrachee is protected by two rocky islets and 

 Minora Point, all of the same formation. A section on the seaward 



* The southern portion of the Hala Range is styled " Hala or Hurbooe 

 Mountains" in Walker's Map (Brahooick of Pottinger). 



